化工学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 72 ›› Issue (S1): 326-335.doi: 10.11949/0438-1157.20201551

• 流体力学与传递现象 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于余热回收的电动客车喷射补气热泵的制热性能

顾潇1,2(),邹慧明2(),韩欣欣3,唐明生2,田长青2   

  1. 1.上海海事大学商船学院，上海 201306
    2.中国科学院空间功热转换技术重点实验室，中国科学院理化技术研究所，北京 100190
    3.河南理工大学，河南 焦作 454000
  • 收稿日期:2020-11-02 修回日期:2021-01-22 出版日期:2021-06-20 发布日期:2021-06-20
  • 通讯作者: 邹慧明 E-mail:ajgxdtc95@126.com;zouhuiming@mail.ipc.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:顾潇（1995—），男，硕士研究生，ajgxdtc95@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFB0105900);国家自然科学基金项目(51676201)

Heating performance of vapor injection heat pump based on waste heat recovery

GU Xiao1,2(),ZOU Huiming2(),HAN Xinxin3,TANG Mingsheng2,TIAN Changqing2   

  1. 1.Merchant Marine College, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China
    2.Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Space Energy Conversion, Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, CAS, Beijing 100190, China
    3.Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, Henan, China
  • Received:2020-11-02 Revised:2021-01-22 Published:2021-06-20 Online:2021-06-20
  • Contact: ZOU Huiming E-mail:ajgxdtc95@126.com;zouhuiming@mail.ipc.ac.cn

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摘要：

根据电动汽车热泵在低温下的制热需求并延长车辆行驶里程，开发了车外换热器支路和余热换热器支路并联的余热回收系统并进行了制热性能试验研究。试验结果显示，对于并联余热回收支路的喷射补气式热泵系统，补气支路压力和补气流量均随着余热量的增加而有明显的提升，而吸气主路流量受余热换热器出口过热度的影响。车外换热器支路和余热换热器支路的流量比也呈线性关系，流量比斜率与余热换热器出口相态有关。并联余热回收喷射补气热泵系统的制热性能随余热量的变化受压缩机吸气量和补气量这两个因素的共同影响。在7℃相对较高的环境工况下，余热量的增加有利于制热量的提升但COP没有优势；在-20℃较低的环境工况下，余热量的增加使得补气流量增长较大，但吸气流量衰减严重，对系统的制热性能提升不明显；在-10～0℃的环境工况下，制热量和COP都随余热量的增加而提升较大，-10℃时，1.8 kW余热量条件下的制热量比0.9 kW余热量条件下的制热量增加了11.6%，COP提升9.18%。

关键词: 热力学过程, 传热, 回收, 电动客车, 并联系统, 喷射补气

Abstract:

According to the heating requirements of electric vehicles (EVs) heat pumps in low ambient temperatures and extending the mileage of EVs, a waste heat recovery system in which the heat exchanger branch outside the vehicle and the branch of the waste heat exchanger are connected in parallel was developed and an experimental study on the heating performance was conducted. The experimental results show that, for the vapor injection heat pump system with parallel waste heat recovery branches, the pressure and mass flow of the vapor injection branch are significantly increased with the increase of the waste heat, while the mass flow of the main-branch is affected by the superheat at the outlet of the waste heat exchanger. The flow ratio of the out-door heat exchanger and the waste heat exchanger has a linear relationship, and the slope of the flow ratio is related to the outlet phase state of the waste heat exchanger. Under the relatively high ambient working conditions of 7℃, the increase of waste heat is beneficial to the increase of heating performance, but COP has no advantage; under the lower ambient working conditions of -20℃, the increase of waste heat increases the flow of injection mass large, but the suction mass flow is seriously attenuated, and the heating performance of the system is not significantly improved; under ambient working conditions of about -10—0℃, the heating performance and COP are greatly increased with the increase of waste heat, at -10℃, the heating performance with 1.8 kW waste heat increased by 11.6% compared to that with 0.9 kW waste heat, and the COP increased by 9.18%.

Key words: thermodynamics process, heat transfer, recovery, electric vehicle, parallel system, vapor injection

中图分类号: 

  • U 469.72

图1

车外换热器支路和余热换热器支路并联的余热回收热泵系统"

表1

不同运行模式下余热回收热泵系统中阀门的启闭状态"

运行模式无余热回收的 基本喷射补气带余热回收的 补气并联无余热回收的 单级压缩带余热回收的 不补气并联单级压缩制冷带电池散热的 单级压缩制冷
四通阀制热制热制热制热制冷制冷
EEV1开开开开开开
EEV2开开关关关关
EEV3关开关开关关
V1开开开开开关
V2关开关开关开
V3开开关关关关
V4关开关开关关
V5关关关关关开
泵关开关开关开

表2

喷射补气热泵机组主要部件参数"

名称主要参数
压缩机R410a变频涡旋压缩机，排量80 cm3/r，频率30~90 Hz
车内换热器车内换热器共两组，每组尺寸为1300 mm×200 mm×154 mm
车外换热器车外换热器共一组，尺寸为1400 mm×840 mm×109 mm
中间换热器中间换热器共两组，选用板式换热器，每组尺寸165 mm ×80 mm×80 mm
余热换热器余热换热器共两组，选用板式换热器，每组尺寸153 mm ×75 mm×75 mm
主路电子膨胀阀阀口径3.2 mm
补气支路电子膨胀阀阀口径2.2 mm
水泵流量25 L/min，扬程8 m，转速2900 r/min

图2

余热回收热泵机组及试验装置"

表3

焓差实验室误差分析"

测量参数控制范围控制精度测量参数控制范围控制精度
环境室温度/℃-40~55±0.1℃环境室湿度20%~90%±0.1℃（WB）
最大制热量/kW30±1.5%最大风量/(m3/h)12000±1%
温度/℃-50~200±0.5℃质量流量/(kg/h)0~150, 0~500±0.2%
压力/MPa0~3.0, 0~4.5±0.5%压缩机功率/kW0~15±0.2%

表4

电动客车喷射补气热泵试验测试工况"

车外干球温度/℃车内干球温度/℃实际余热量/kW车外侧风量/(m3/h)车内侧风量/(m3/h)压缩机频率/Hz
7200.9，1.2，1.87000500050
0200.9，1.2，1.87000500060
-10200.9，1.2，1.87000500060
-20200.9，1.2，1.87000400060

图3

车外换热器支路和余热换热器支路并联的系统循环压焓图"

图4

车外环境-10℃时余热量对支路特性的影响"

图5

支路流量分配"

图6

各支路流量关系"

图7

制热性能"

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