化工学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 72 ›› Issue (6): 2905-2921.DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20201715

• 青海盐湖资源综合利用专栏 • 上一篇    下一篇

高镁锂比盐湖镁锂分离与锂提取技术研究进展

王琪1(),赵有璟1,2,刘洋1,王云昊1,王敏2(),项顼1()   

  1. 1.北京化工大学化工资源有效利用国家重点实验室,北京 100029
    2.中国科学院青海盐湖研究所,中国科学院盐湖资源 综合高效利用重点实验室,青海省盐湖资源化学重点实验室,青海 西宁 810008
  • 收稿日期:2020-11-30 修回日期:2021-03-12 出版日期:2021-06-05 发布日期:2021-06-05
  • 通讯作者: 王敏,项顼
  • 作者简介:王琪(1995—),女,硕士研究生,913625998@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(U20A20138);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(XK1803)

Recent advances in magnesium/lithium separation and lithium extraction technologies from salt lake brine with high magnesium/lithium ratio

WANG Qi1(),ZHAO Youjing1,2,LIU Yang1,WANG Yunhao1,WANG Min2(),XIANG Xu1()   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
    2.Key Laboratory of Comprehensive and Highly Efficient Utilization of Salt Lake Resources, Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Resources and Chemistry of Salt Lakes, Qinghai Institute of Salt Lakes, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, Qinghai, China
  • Received:2020-11-30 Revised:2021-03-12 Online:2021-06-05 Published:2021-06-05
  • Contact: WANG Min,XIANG Xu

摘要:

随着锂离子电池在电动汽车、便携式电子设备、电动工具及电网储能中的用量持续增加,锂资源需求量快速增长。我国盐湖集中分布在青藏高原地区,青海盐湖普遍具有高镁锂比、低锂含量的特征。高镁锂比盐湖提锂是世界性难题。本文综述了高镁锂比盐湖卤水镁锂分离与锂提取技术的最新研究进展,包括萃取法、吸附法、反应/分离耦合技术、膜法和电化学法。从各技术原理、特点、性能等方面分析了各方法特征和适用性。在现有技术中,吸附法更适合高镁锂比卤水;萃取法可用于锂浓度较低的卤水;新发展的反应/分离耦合技术能实现高效提锂与镁锂资源综合利用;以纳滤、电渗析、双极膜为代表的膜法具有能耗较低和模块化的优点;电化学法具有装置简单的优势,但仍需进一步优化系统。我国盐湖锂资源提取需提高总收率,提升提锂后资源综合利用程度,发展锂产品高值化、多元化利用途径,加强盐湖提锂的工程化技术研究,突破并掌握核心技术与装备,实现盐湖资源高效、综合、可持续利用的目标。

关键词: 盐湖卤水, 镁锂分离, 锂提取, 吸附剂, 电化学,

Abstract:

As the use of lithium-ion batteries in electric vehicles, portable electronic devices, power tools, and grid energy storage continues to increase, the demand for lithium resources is growing rapidly. In China, over 71% of lithium resources are stored in salt lakes, which are abundant in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Among them, salt lakes in Qinghai province generally have the characteristics of high ratio of magnesium to lithium and low lithium content. Lithium extraction from high Mg/Li ratio salt lakes is a great challenge worldwide. This review focuses on the latest progress of Mg/Li separation and lithium extraction technologies from salt lake brine with high Mg/Li ratio. We comprehensively analyzed the features and applications in terms of principles, characteristics and performance of each method including extraction, adsorption, reaction/separation coupling technology, membrane and electrochemical method. The adsorption method is more suitable for high Mg/Li brine. The extraction method can be used for brine with a lower lithium concentration. The emerging new reaction-coupled separation technology can achieve high-efficiency lithium extraction and comprehensive utilization of magnesium and lithium resources. The membrane methods like nanofiltration, electrodialysis and bipolar membranes have the advantages of lower energy consumption and modularity. The electrochemical method has the simple equipment, but the system needs to be optimized yet. The extraction of lithium from salt lakes requires to increase the total yield, to improve the comprehensive utilization of related resources, to develop high-valued lithium products, and to strengthen the engineering technology. Finally, the goal is to utilize salt lake resources more efficiently, comprehensively and sustainably.

Key words: salt lake brine, Mg/Li separation, lithium extraction, adsorbent, electrochemistry, membrane

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