化工学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 72 ›› Issue (11): 5533-5542.DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20210667
收稿日期:
2021-05-17
修回日期:
2021-08-21
出版日期:
2021-11-05
发布日期:
2021-11-12
通讯作者:
陆海峰
作者简介:
陆海峰(1984—),男,博士,副教授,基金资助:
Haifeng LU(),Hu RUAN,Jiakun CAO,Xiaolei GUO,Haifeng LIU,Chongshuo YUAN
Received:
2021-05-17
Revised:
2021-08-21
Online:
2021-11-05
Published:
2021-11-12
Contact:
Haifeng LU
摘要:
细颗粒粉体下料时受气固流体力学作用在料仓出口附近形成逆压力梯度,使得粉体下料流率实验值远低于理论预测值。而且该压力梯度力直接测量较困难,对模型修正和发展提出了挑战。以玻璃微珠、流化催化裂化(FCC)催化剂颗粒、褐煤和聚氯乙烯(PVC)颗粒为实验材料,首先开展粉体静力学与动力学测试,借助休止角(AOR)、豪斯纳比(HR)和卡尔流动指数(CFI)多个粉体流动性判据综合分析不同粉体的流动特性;在分析粉体料仓出口附近气固流动特征的基础上,结合Jenike流动与不流动判据,将作用在细颗粒粉体上的逆压力梯度力引入到拱应力平衡方程;进一步,提出了利用迭代算法获得逆压力梯度力的方法,实现了对逆压力梯度力与粉体料仓下料流率的预测。建立的粉体下料流率模型考虑了气固流体动力学作用对粉体下料流动的影响,有效改善了传统模型对细粉体流率预测偏高的问题,模型预测偏差从60%以上降低至±20%。
中图分类号:
陆海峰, 阮琥, 曹嘉琨, 郭晓镭, 刘海峰, 袁崇硕. 细粉下料过程的气固流体动力学作用分析[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(11): 5533-5542.
Haifeng LU, Hu RUAN, Jiakun CAO, Xiaolei GUO, Haifeng LIU, Chongshuo YUAN. Analysis of the gas-solid fluid dynamic interaction on fine powder discharge[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(11): 5533-5542.
物料 | d32/μm | d10/μm | d50/μm | d90/μm | Span | ρb/(kg/m3) | ρp/(kg/m3) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gb-a | 47.22 | 36.47 | 48.41 | 63.78 | 0.56 | 1410 | 2520 |
gb-b | 62.76 | 49.37 | 69.97 | 81.96 | 0.51 | 1404 | 2520 |
gb-c | 75.84 | 68.45 | 119.74 | 175.72 | 0.9 | 1353 | 2520 |
FCC | 60.68 | 34.01 | 72.58 | 129.99 | 1.32 | 865 | 1240 |
lignite | 115.63 | 82.92 | 122.46 | 190.66 | 0.88 | 621 | 1460 |
PVC | 116.36 | 85.67 | 124.95 | 177.88 | 0.73 | 567 | 1380 |
表1 粉体基本物性参数
Table 1 Physical properties of experimental materials
物料 | d32/μm | d10/μm | d50/μm | d90/μm | Span | ρb/(kg/m3) | ρp/(kg/m3) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gb-a | 47.22 | 36.47 | 48.41 | 63.78 | 0.56 | 1410 | 2520 |
gb-b | 62.76 | 49.37 | 69.97 | 81.96 | 0.51 | 1404 | 2520 |
gb-c | 75.84 | 68.45 | 119.74 | 175.72 | 0.9 | 1353 | 2520 |
FCC | 60.68 | 34.01 | 72.58 | 129.99 | 1.32 | 865 | 1240 |
lignite | 115.63 | 82.92 | 122.46 | 190.66 | 0.88 | 621 | 1460 |
PVC | 116.36 | 85.67 | 124.95 | 177.88 | 0.73 | 567 | 1380 |
Materials | AOR | HR | CFI | umf/(cm/s) | Rp | εf | k×10-9/cm2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gb-a | 29.7 | 1.15 | 92 | 0.23 | 1.02 | 0.52 | 40.12 |
gb-b | 28.3 | 1.1 | 96 | 0.245 | 0.93 | 0.55 | 44.16 |
gb-c | 34.6 | 1.15 | 90.5 | 1.34 | 1.26 | 0.5 | 259.37 |
FCC | 29.2 | 1.13 | 93 | 0.2 | 0.97 | 0.76 | 48.7 |
lignite | 36.7 | 1.17 | 85.5 | 0.55 | 1.12 | 0.67 | 163.01 |
PVC | 34 | 1.2 | 83.5 | 0.85 | 1.27 | 0.66 | 195.9 |
表2 粉体流动参数
Table 2 Powder flow parameters
Materials | AOR | HR | CFI | umf/(cm/s) | Rp | εf | k×10-9/cm2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
gb-a | 29.7 | 1.15 | 92 | 0.23 | 1.02 | 0.52 | 40.12 |
gb-b | 28.3 | 1.1 | 96 | 0.245 | 0.93 | 0.55 | 44.16 |
gb-c | 34.6 | 1.15 | 90.5 | 1.34 | 1.26 | 0.5 | 259.37 |
FCC | 29.2 | 1.13 | 93 | 0.2 | 0.97 | 0.76 | 48.7 |
lignite | 36.7 | 1.17 | 85.5 | 0.55 | 1.12 | 0.67 | 163.01 |
PVC | 34 | 1.2 | 83.5 | 0.85 | 1.27 | 0.66 | 195.9 |
13 | Nedderman R M, Tūzūn U, Thorpe R B. The effect of interstitial air pressure gradients on the discharge from bins[J]. Powder Technology, 1983, 35(1): 69-81. |
14 | Barletta D, Donsı̀ G, Ferrari G, et al. On the role and the origin of the gas pressure gradient in the discharge of fine solids from hoppers[J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2003, 58(23/24): 5269-5278. |
15 | Geldart D. Types of gas fluidization[J]. Powder Technology, 1973, 7(5): 285-292. |
16 | Geldart D, Williams J C. Flooding from hoppers: identifying powders likely to give problems[J]. Powder Technology, 1985, 43(2): 181-183. |
17 | Donsì G, Ferrari G, Poletto M, et al. Gas pressure measurements inside an aerated hopper[J]. Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 2004, 82(1): 72-84. |
18 | Geldart D, Harnby N, Wong A C. Fluidization of cohesive powders[J]. Powder Technology, 1984, 37(1): 25-37. |
19 | 燕兰玲, 蓝兴英, 吴迎亚, 等. FCC提升管内气体流经颗粒聚团流动特性的模拟研究[J]. 化学反应工程与工艺, 2014, 30(1): 41-47. |
Yan L L, Lan X Y, Wu Y Y, et al. Numerical simulation of flow behavior of gas flowing through clusters in FCC risers[J]. Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, 2014, 30(1): 41-47. | |
20 | 张鹏. 卡尔指数法在评价煤粉粉体特性中的应用[J]. 中国粉体技术, 2000, 6(5): 33-36. |
Zhang P. Application of Carr index method in comprehensive evaluating properties of coal powder[J]. China Powder Science and Technology, 2000, 6(5): 33-36. | |
21 | 漆海峰, 郭晓镭, 陆海峰, 等. 煤粉的流动性测试及评价方法[J]. 化工学报, 2012, 63(2): 433-440. |
Qi H F, Guo X L, Lu H F, et al. Measurement of flowability of coal powders and research methods[J]. CIESC Journal, 2012, 63(2): 433-440. | |
22 | 赵炬. 鼓泡床锅炉优缺点探讨[J]. 机械管理开发, 2006, 21(5): 62-63. |
Zhao J. Approach on the merits and demerits of ebullition bed boiler[J]. Mechanical Management and Development, 2006, 21(5): 62-63. | |
23 | 黄飞, 郭晓军. 双峰聚乙烯生产技术的优化[J]. 合成树脂及塑料, 2007, 24(6): 33-37. |
Huang F, Guo X J. Optimization of production technology of bimodal polyethylene[J]. China Synthetic Resin and Plastics, 2007, 24(6): 33-37. | |
24 | 朱光启, 王新华. 北欧双峰聚乙烯装置气相反应器的优化[J]. 石油化工技术与经济, 2016, 32(3): 28-30, 35. |
Zhu G Q, Wang X H. Optimization of the gas phase reactor in BORSTAR polyethylene unit[J]. Technology & Economics in Petrochemicals, 2016, 32(3): 28-30, 35. | |
25 | 付琳, 陆海峰, 郭晓镭, 等. 煤粉通气料仓的优化设计[J]. 华东理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2017, 43(3): 297-303. |
Fu L, Lu H F, Guo X L, et al. Optimization design of pulverized coal discharged from an aerated hopper[J]. Journal of East China University of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2017, 43(3): 297-303. | |
26 | 陆海峰, 曹嘉琨, 郭晓镭, 等. 基于颗粒间相互作用的细颗粒粉体料仓下料过程分析[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(8): 4047-4054. |
Lu H F, Cao J K, Guo X L, et al. Study on fine powders discharged from hopper based on interparticle interactions analysis[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(8): 4047-4054. | |
27 | Brown R L. Minimum energy theorem for flow of dry granules through apertures[J]. Nature, 1961, 191(4787): 458-461. |
28 | Anand A, Curtis J S, Wassgren C R, et al. Predicting discharge dynamics of wet cohesive particles from a rectangular hopper using the discrete element method (DEM)[J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2009, 64(24): 5268-5275. |
1 | Sun D, Lu H F, Cao J K, et al. Flow mechanisms and solid flow rate prediction of powders discharged from hoppers with an insert[J]. Powder Technology, 2020, 367: 277-284. |
2 | Lu H F, Guo X L, Gong X, et al. Prediction of solid discharge rates of pulverized coal from an aerated hopper[J]. Powder Technology, 2015, 286: 645-653. |
29 | Donsì G, Ferrari G, Poletto M. Distribution of gas pressure inside a hopper discharging fine powders[J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 1997, 52(23): 4291-4302. |
30 | Jenike A W, Leser T. A flow-no flow criterion in the gravity flow of powders in converging channels[C]//Proc. 4th Int. Congr. Rheol.,1963. |
31 | Fitzpatrick J J, Barringer S A, Iqbal T. Flow property measurement of food powders and sensitivity of Jenike's hopper design methodology to the measured values[J]. Journal of Food Engineering, 2004, 61: 399-405. |
32 | Cannavacciuolo A, Barletta D, Donsì G, et al. Arch-free flow in aerated silo discharge of cohesive powders[J]. Powder Technology, 2009, 191(3): 272-279. |
33 | Arnold P C, McLean A G. Improved analytical flowfactors for mass-flow hoppers[J]. Powder Technology, 1976, 15(2): 279-281. |
34 | Baserinia R, Sinka I C. Mass flow rate of fine and cohesive powders under differential air pressure[J]. Powder Technology, 2018, 334: 173-182. |
35 | 张正德, 陆海峰, 郭晓镭, 等. 粒径对石油焦粉及煤粉的堆积与流动特性的影响[J]. 华东理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2016, 42(3): 321-328. |
Zhang Z D, Lu H F, Guo X L, et al. Effect of particle size on packing characteristics and flowability of petroleum coke and coal[J]. Journal of East China University of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition), 2016, 42(3): 321-328. | |
3 | Huang W J, Gong X, Guo X L, et al. Discharge characteristics of cohesive fine coal from aerated hopper[J]. Powder Technology, 2009, 194(1/2): 126-131. |
4 | 孙栋, 陆海峰, 曹嘉琨, 等. 复杂流道结构料仓的下料流率预测[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(3): 974-982. |
Sun D, Lu H F, Cao J K, et al. Solid flow rate prediction in hoppers with complicated flow channels[J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(3): 974-982. | |
5 | 赵伟, 陆海峰, 郭晓镭, 等. CPFD在细颗粒料仓下料中的应用[J]. 化工学报, 2015, 66(2): 512-521. |
Zhao W, Lu H F, Guo X L, et al. Application of CPFD in hopper discharge of fine granular material[J]. CIESC Journal, 2015, 66(2): 512-521. | |
6 | 赵伟. 粉体料仓下料过程的实验与数值模拟研究[D]. 上海: 华东理工大学, 2015. |
Zhao W. Experimental and numerical study on hopper discharge[D]. Shanghai: East China University of Science and Technology, 2015. | |
7 | 景山, 李洪钟. 负压差移动床立管料斗中散作颗粒流动特征(Ⅳ): 立管中科面高度对流落特征的影响[J]. 化学反应工程与工艺, 1998, 14(2): 170-178. |
Jing S, Li H Z. Flow characterization of powder in hoppers connected to a moving-bed standpipe with negative pressure gradient(Ⅳ): Effect of powder height in a moving-bed standpipe on flowing characteristic[J]. Chemical Reaction Engineering and Technology, 1998, 14(2): 170-178. | |
8 | Beverloo W A, Leniger H A, van de Velde J. The flow of granular solids through orifices[J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 1961, 15(3/4): 260-269. |
9 | Brown R L, Richards J C. Kinematics of the flow of dry powders and bulk solids[J]. Rheologica Acta, 1965, 4(3): 153-165. |
10 | Brown R L, Richards J C. Measurement of powder properties[M]//Principles of Powder Mechanics. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1970: 82-115. |
11 | Altenkirch R A, Eichhorn R. Effect of fluid drag on low Reynolds number discharge of solids from a circular orifice[J]. AIChE Journal, 1981, 27(4): 593-598. |
12 | Crewdson B J, Ormond A L, Nedderman R M. Air-impeded discharge of fine particles from a hopper[J]. Powder Technology, 1977, 16(2): 197-207. |
[1] | 周必茂, 许世森, 王肖肖, 刘刚, 李小宇, 任永强, 谭厚章. 烧嘴偏转角度对气化炉渣层分布特性的影响[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(5): 1939-1949. |
[2] | 盛林, 昌宇, 邓建, 骆广生. 阶梯式T型微通道内有序气泡群的形成和流动特性研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(1): 416-427. |
[3] | 张建伟, 李保帅, 董鑫, 冯颖. 撞击流反应器内幂律流体流动特性的数值模拟[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(11): 4917-4927. |
[4] | 陆海峰, 曹嘉琨, 郭晓镭, 刘海峰. 基于颗粒间相互作用的细颗粒粉体料仓下料过程分析[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(8): 4047-4054. |
[5] | 林伟翔, 苏港川, 陈强, 文键, 王斯民. 基于超声技术的沉浸式换热器强化传热研究[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(8): 4055-4063. |
[6] | 别海燕, 黄晨, 安维中, 李玉龙, 林子昕. 正反馈式流体振荡器内部流动特性的数值模拟[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(3): 1504-1511. |
[7] | 叶思施, 唐巧, 王运东. 混合澄清槽澄清室内流场特性测量[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(2): 535-543. |
[8] | 徐宏彬, 陈薇, 武燕, 梅利, 姚臻, 笪文忠, 曹堃. 高抗冲聚丙烯颗粒的流动性及其抗静电性[J]. 化工学报, 2017, 68(2): 767-773. |
[9] | 赵玉仲, 孙建军, 李军, 朱庆山. 流化床气相水解制备高纯二氧化钛[J]. 化工学报, 2017, 68(10): 3978-3984. |
[10] | 徐贵玲, 卢平, 许盼, 梁财, 陈晓平. 煤粉外水含量对上出料式发送罐供料特性的影响[J]. 化工学报, 2016, 67(7): 2767-2776. |
[11] | 笪文忠, 肖智贤, 徐宏彬, 屠宇侠, 梅利, 姚臻, 曹堃. 气相法制备高乙烯含量的高抗冲聚丙烯[J]. 化工学报, 2016, 67(2): 667-671. |
[12] | 陈瑶, 张学军, 陆军亮, 邱利民, 张小斌, 孙大明, 甘智华. 径向流吸附器流体流动特性及其结构参数优化[J]. 化工学报, 2014, 65(9): 3395-3402. |
[13] | 陆海峰, 郭晓镭, 陶顺龙, 龚欣, 鲁军. 不同载气供料对煤粉料仓下料的影响[J]. 化工学报, 2014, 65(9): 3383-3388. |
[14] | 陈瑶, 张学军, 陆军亮, 邱利民, 张小斌, 孙大明, 甘智华. 径向流吸附器流体流动特性及其结构参数优化[J]. 化工学报, 2014, 65(9): 0-0. |
[15] | 潘家保, 程延海, 朱真才, 杨金勇. 基于变温下圆管内润滑脂流动特性的表征[J]. 化工学报, 2014, 65(6): 2063-2069. |
阅读次数 | ||||||
全文 |
|
|||||
摘要 |
|
|||||