化工学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 73 ›› Issue (1): 97-109.DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20211241

• 综述与专论 • 上一篇    下一篇

锂枝晶的成核、生长与抑制

丰闪闪1(),刘晓斌1,郭石麟1,何兵兵2,高振国1(),陈明洋1(),龚俊波1,3   

  1. 1.天津大学化工学院,化学工程联合国家重点实验室,天津 300072
    2.中低品位磷矿及其共伴生资源高效利用国家 重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 550500
    3.化学与精细化工广东省实验室,广东 汕头 515031
  • 收稿日期:2021-08-26 修回日期:2021-09-30 出版日期:2022-01-05 发布日期:2022-01-18
  • 通讯作者: 高振国,陈明洋
  • 作者简介:丰闪闪(1997—),女,硕士研究生,fengshanshan@tju.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    中低品位磷矿及其共伴生资源高效利用国家重点实验室开放基金课题(WFKF2018-06);化学与精细化工广东省实验室科研启动项目(1912014)

Nucleation, growth and inhibition of lithium dendrites

Shanshan FENG1(),Xiaobin LIU1,Shilin GUO1,Bingbing HE2,Zhenguo GAO1(),Mingyang CHEN1(),Junbo GONG1,3   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
    2.State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization for Low Grade Phosphate Rock and Its Associated Resources, Guiyang 550500, Guizhou, China
    3.Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Shantou 515031, Guangdong, China
  • Received:2021-08-26 Revised:2021-09-30 Online:2022-01-05 Published:2022-01-18
  • Contact: Zhenguo GAO,Mingyang CHEN

摘要:

锂金属电池具有较高的理论比容量和最低的氧化还原电位,被认为是最有前途的电化学储能器件之一。然而,金属锂阳极上的锂枝晶所引起的一些关键问题严重阻碍了其实际应用。首先从离子浓度、电场、应力、温度四方面因素介绍了多形貌锂枝晶成核和生长机理;同时,总结了一些用于表征锂枝晶的先进技术;并归纳了抑制锂枝晶形成的策略,包括控制锂枝晶成核的亲锂表面电极、非均相晶核,控制锂枝晶生长的三维导电基体、物理涂层,以及具有固定阴离子的纳米结构电解质和形成球形锂沉积的盐包水电解质。最后提出了挑战和展望,探讨了锂枝晶的未来研究方向。

关键词: 锂枝晶, 结晶, 成核, 生长, 控制

Abstract:

Lithium metal battery has a higher theoretical specific capacity and the lowest oxidation-reduction potential, which is one of the most promising electrochemical energy storage devices. However, some key problems caused by the lithium dendrites on the metal lithium anode seriously hinder its practical application. This article first introduces the mechanisms of multi-morphology lithium dendrites nucleation and growth with the four factors of ion concentration, electric field, stress and temperature. Some advanced techniques for characterizing lithium dendrites are summarized. Several feasible strategies for inhibiting the growth of lithium dendrites are introduced, including lithium-philic surface electrodes and heterogeneous crystal nuclei that control the nucleation of lithium dendrites, three-dimensional conductive substrates and physical coatings that control the growth of lithium dendrites, and nanostructured electrolytes with fixed anions and water-in-salt electrolyte forming spherical lithium deposits. Finally, some challenges and prospects are put forward, and the future research direction of lithium dendrites is clarified.

Key words: lithium dendrites, crystallization, nucleation, growth, control

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