化工学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 73 ›› Issue (7): 2757-2773.DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20220353

• 综述与专论 • 上一篇    下一篇

聚酰亚胺基气凝胶材料的制备与应用

高端辉1(),肖卫强2(),高峰1,夏倩2,汪曼秋1,卢昕博2,詹晓力1,张庆华1()   

  1. 1.浙江大学化学工程与生物工程学院,浙江 杭州 310027
    2.浙江中烟工业责任有限公司,浙江 杭州 310024
  • 收稿日期:2022-03-09 修回日期:2022-04-20 出版日期:2022-07-05 发布日期:2022-08-01
  • 通讯作者: 肖卫强,张庆华
  • 作者简介:高端辉(1998—),男,博士研究生,gaoduanhui@126.com

Preparation and application of polyimide-based aerogels

Duanhui GAO1(),Weiqiang XIAO2(),Feng GAO1,Qian XIA2,Manqiu WANG1,Xinbo LU2,Xiaoli ZHAN1,Qinghua ZHANG1()   

  1. 1.College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, Zhejiang, China
    2.China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Liability Corporation Limited, Hangzhou 310024, Zhejiang, China
  • Received:2022-03-09 Revised:2022-04-20 Online:2022-07-05 Published:2022-08-01
  • Contact: Weiqiang XIAO,Qinghua ZHANG

摘要:

气凝胶是一类以空气为分散介质的干态凝胶材料,具有由纳米粒子随机聚集并相互连接而成的复杂三维网络结构,也因此集低密度、高比表面积、高孔隙率、低热导率等优异性能于一身,在众多尖端及民生领域显示出巨大的应用潜力。作为一种高性能材料,聚酰亚胺(polyimide, PI)已被广泛用于航空航天、防火织物等诸多领域,由其制成的PI气凝胶具有较高的机械强度,对传统脆弱易碎的无机气凝胶显示出明显的替代趋势,也因此得到了研究人员的广泛关注。本文主要介绍了PI基气凝胶材料的研究进展,从PI气凝胶的制备方法、改性方法及应用等角度进行综述,并对其未来的发展进行展望,以期为后续研究提供借鉴与参考。

关键词: 聚酰亚胺气凝胶, 复合材料, 制备, 改性, 优化, 应用

Abstract:

Aerogel is a kind of dry gel material with air as the dispersion medium. It has a complex three-dimensional network structure formed by random aggregation and interconnection of nanoparticles. Therefore, it shows excellent performances such as low density, high specific surface area, high porosity and low thermal conductivity at the same time and exhibits promising application prospects in many sophisticated and civil fields. As a high-performance material, polyimide (PI) has been widely used in aerospace, fireproof fabrics and many other fields. More importantly, PI aerogel has higher mechanical strength compared with traditional fragile inorganic aerogel, showing a noticeable trend to replace them, and therefore, it has received extensive attention from researchers. In this review, the research progress of PI-based aerogel materials is mainly summarized from the perspectives of preparation method, modification method, and applications of PI aerogel. Finally, the future development direction is prospected based on the current challenges in this field to provide a reference for subsequent research and practical application in industry and our daily lives.

Key words: polyimide aerogels, composites, preparation, modification, optimization, application

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