蒸汽射流直接接触凝结诱导振动特性研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20240175

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

蒸汽射流在管内过冷水流中的直接接触凝结会诱导严重的管道振动。本文采用高速摄像机与加速度传感器，捕捉了蒸汽射流气羽演化及其诱导的管道振动。通过实验定量描述了考虑气羽形貌的气羽灰度质心振荡与管道振动特性。发现界面振荡流型下气羽灰度质心的振荡幅度最大，间歇振荡流型下次之，稳定凝结流型下最小。随着蒸汽质量流速升高，质心振荡及管道振动强度都向着趋于稳定的方向发展，表现出极强相关性。在此基础上绘制了管道振动强度随蒸汽质量流速及过冷水温度的分布图，振动强度随着过冷水温度的升高而升高。相关性分析表明气羽灰度质心的轴向振荡是沿蒸汽喷射方向的管道振动强度的主导因素。

关键词: 蒸汽射流, 直接接触凝结, 灰度质心, 振动特性

Abstract:

Direct contact condensation of the steam jet in flowing water might induce severe pipe vibration. In this paper, a high-speed camera and an acceleration sensor were used to capture the evolution of the jet interface and the induced pipeline vibration. The characteristics of grayscale centroid oscillation considering steam jet plume morphology and pipeline vibration are quantitatively described. The oscillation amplitude of the grayscale centroid of the plume is the highest in the Oscil-I condensation regime, the lower in the Chugging regime, and the lowest in the Stable regime. The intensities of the centroid oscillation and pipeline vibration decline with increasing steam mass flux and a strong correlation is revealed. On this basis, the distribution diagram of pipeline vibration intensity with steam mass flux and subcooled water temperature is drawn, and the vibration intensity increases with the increase of subcooled water temperature. Correlation analysis quantitatively confirmed that the axial oscillation of the plume grayscale centroid is the dominant factor of the pipeline vibration along the steam injection direction.

Key words: steam jet, direct contact condensation, grayscale centroid, vibration characteristics

中图分类号:

O359

徐强, 洪奥越, 蒋帅之, 李翔宇, 马小俊, 郭烈锦. 蒸汽射流直接接触凝结诱导振动特性研究[J]. 化工学报, DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20240175.

Qiang Xu, Aoyue Hong, Shuaizhi Jiang, Xiangyu Li, Xiaojun Ma, Liejin Guo. Study on vibration induced by direct contact condensation of steam jet[J]. CIESC Journal, DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20240175.

图/表 15

图1 实验系统示意图：(1)水箱；(2)离心水泵；(3)控制阀；(4)质量流量计；(5)加热器；(6)缓冲段；(7)测试段；(8)冷却器；(9)去离子水水箱；(10)锅炉；(11)控制阀；(12)涡街流量计

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of the experimental set-up: (1) water tank; (2) centrifugal water pump; (3) control valve; (4) mess flowmeter; (5) heater thermocouple; (6) buffer section; (7) test section; (8) cooler; (9) deionized water tank; (10) electric steam generator; (11) control valve; (12) vortex flowmeter

图2 (A)测试段示意图：(1)不锈钢壁面；(2)喷嘴；(3)压力传感器；(4)加速度传感器；(5)水听器；(6)高速摄像机；(7)石英玻璃窗口；(8)LED光源；(B) 测试段剖面图；(C) 喷嘴正视剖面图；(D) 喷嘴右视剖面图

Fig. 2 (A) Schematic diagram of test section: (1) stainless steel wall; (2) nozzle; (3) pressure transducer; (4) acceleration transducer; (5) hydrophone; (6) high-speed camera; (7) quartz glass window (L = 460.0 mm, W = 40.0 mm, H = 10.0 mm); (8) LED plane light source; (B) Test section profile, (C) front view profile of nozzle, (D) right view profile of nozzle

表1 实验参数范围

Table 1 Range of experimental parameter

实验参数	参数范围
蒸汽入口压力p_s / MPa	0.1 - 0.7
蒸汽入口温度T_s / ℃	110 - 166
蒸汽质量流速G_s / kg/(m²s)	50 - 600
过冷水质量流量M_w / kg/s	0.96
过冷水温度T_w /℃	30 - 70
注汽点过冷水压力p_w / MPa	0.145
喷嘴出口直径d_e / mm	4.5

图3 气羽灰度质心的提取方法。(A) 原始图像；(B) 阈值分割图像；(C) 中值滤波及质心提取

Fig.3 Extraction method for the grayscale centroid position. (A) original image; (B) threshold segmentation image; (C) median filter image and centroid extraction

图4 气羽图像的灰度分布及灰度梯度分布

Fig.4 Gray profiles and gray-gradient profiles of the jet plume image

表2 传感器量程及不确定度

Table 2 Sensor range and uncertainty

测量物理量	量程	精度	型号	生产厂商
压力	0-0.5 MPa	0.03 %	PAA-25	Keller
温度	0-200 ℃	0.75 %	K型	WRNK-191
液相流量	0-5982 kg/h	0.5 %	CMF050	Micro Motion
蒸汽流量	0-70kg/h	0.5 %	digitalYEWFLO-DYA	YOKOGAWA
加速度	-50-50 gpk	X-axis 100.8mv/g Y-axis 100.7mv/g Z-axis 102.5mv/g	356A45	PCB

图5 典型凝结流型下的蒸汽射流气羽图像， Rew = 36483, Pw = 145 kPa

Fig. 5 Steam jet plume images under typical condensation regime, Rew = 36483, Pw = 145 kPa

图6 蒸汽射流凝结流型图， Rew = 36483, Pw = 145 kPa

Fig. 6 Condensation regime diagram of steam jet condensation, Rew = 36483, Pw = 145 kPa

图7 蒸汽射流气羽灰度质心位置， Rew = 36483，Tw = 30℃，Pw = 145 kPa

Fig. 7 Position of steam jet plume grayscale centroid, Rew = 36483, Tw = 30℃, Pw = 145 kPa

图8 蒸汽射流气羽灰度质心位置的箱形图， Rew = 36483，Tw = 30℃，Pw = 145 kPa

Fig. 8 Box plot of steam jet plume grayscale centroid position, Rew = 36483, Tw = 30℃, Pw = 145 kPa

图9 典型凝结流型下的振动信号及其频谱分析

Fig. 9 Vibration signal and spectrum analysis under typical condensation regimes.

图10 典型凝结流型下的声学信号及其频谱分析

Fig. 10 Acoustic signal and spectrum analysis under typical condensation regimes.

图11 振动强度与质心振荡强度随蒸汽质量流速的变化

Fig. 11 Variations of vibration intensity and centroid oscillation intensity with steam mass flux.

图12 振动强度与质心振荡强度的相关系数， Rew = 36483，Tw = 30℃，Pw = 145 kPa

Fig. 12 Correlation coefficients between vibration and centroid oscillation intensity. Rew = 36483, Tw = 30℃, Pw = 145 kPa

图13 蒸汽射流凝结的振动强度分布

Fig.13 Distribution of pipe vibration intensity of steam jet condensation

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