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Table of Content
25 March 2003, Volume 54 Issue 3
    PRIMARY THERMODYNAMIC MODEL FOR STRONG ELECTROLYTE AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
    ZENG Shanjun , LIU Guojie
    2003, 54(3):  281-287. 
    Abstract ( 600 )   PDF (218KB) ( 323 )  
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    A new excess Gibbs free energy model of strong electrolyte solutions,which consists of the mixing of electrolyte molecule and solvent and the ionization of electrolyte molecule in the solvent,is proposed.The model is composed of two contributions,one due to long-range forces,represented by the Debye-Hückel theory,and the other due to short-range forces,represented by the modified van Laar theory.According to this model,the equations of the ionic mean activity coefficient and the osmotic coefficient of solvent with three adjustable parameters are derived,and they can be easily extended to the mixed electrolyte solutions.The calculation results of the ionic mean activity coefficients for 66 strong electrolyte aqueous solutions over 0—6 molality demonstrate that the consistency with experimental values is superior to two local composition models proposed by Chen and Haghtalab et al respectively.
    CLEANING HEAT TRANSFER OF DESILICONIZATION HEAT EXCHANGER WITH LIQUID-SOLID FLUIDIZED BED
    MA Hongqin, ZHU Huiming, TAN Xin , ZHAO Lin, WANG Zaiyun , WEN Jinde
    2003, 54(3):  288-293. 
    Abstract ( 834 )   PDF (256KB) ( 220 )  
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    To solve Scaling problem, the scale formation and cleaning/prevention of desiliconization heat exchanger with liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed was investigated. The result showed that silica sediment-scaling curve was asymptotic with about 2.5 h induction period. The scaling mechanism was crystallization scaling combined with particulate scaling. When the particular inert solid particles were introduced into the heat exchanger to form liquid-solid circulating fluidized bed, the scaling layer deposited on heat transfer surface could be removed quickly and scale formation could be prevented completely, hence cleaning heat transfer was realized. The rate of the scale cleaning increased with the increase of fluid velocity and inert solid particle concentration. The scaling mechanism was not affected by inert solid particles. Based on the analysis of scale prevention mechanism of liquid-solid fluidized bed heat transfer, a mathematical model for silica sediment scaling was proposed. The predicted value of scaling model is in good agreement with experimental data.
    EFFECT OF PARAMETERS OF VORTEX GENERATOR ON LOCAL HEAT TRANSFER PERFORMANCE OF TUBE-FIN HEAT EXCHANGER
    ZHANG Yongheng , WANG Liangbi, YANG Shichun
    2003, 54(3):  294-298. 
    Abstract ( 491 )   PDF (217KB) ( 186 )  
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    The effect of attack angle θ,shape angle β and span Δy of a vortex generator on the local heat transfer performance of in-line arranged round tube fin elements were studied with naphthalene sublimation mass/heat analogy experiment.The results showed that the heat transfer ability of the rear region was greatly increased by the vortex generator.For the given ReNu increased with the increase of attack angle and the decrease of shape angle.The swirl affecting region was enlarged with a smaller shape angle,so heat transfer was improved.For a smaller Re,heat transfer was greatly enhanced with a smaller span of the vortex generator.
    HEAT-TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS OF FALLING FILM HORIZONTAL-TUBE EVAPORATOR
    XU Li, WANG Shichang , WANG Yuxin, LING Yi
    2003, 54(3):  299-304. 
    Abstract ( 849 )   PDF (203KB) ( 363 )  
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    The film thickness distribution and average thickness outside a horizontal test tube were measured by using film-thickness meter.The effects of liquid load,evaporation boiling point,temperature difference and tube diameter on the film thickness,the waving intensity and,as a result,the heat-transfer film coefficients outside the horizontal-tube were determined experimentally.Experiments of the heat-transfer coefficient of horizontal-tube evaporation were conducted with various operation parameters.Equations of evaporation heat-transfer coefficient were set up by regression of experimental data.These results provide a basis for further developing high efficiency heat-transfer process and novel evaporators.
    DEFINITION OF CRITICAL AREA OF MAGNETICALLY STABLE FLUIDIZATION WITH WAVE THEORY
    GUI Keting, ZHANG Hui , SHI Mingheng
    2003, 54(3):  305-310. 
    Abstract ( 625 )   PDF (223KB) ( 192 )  
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    In this paper, the critical area of magnetically stable fluidization is defined with wave theory.The definition is made in the following steps.First,the void fluctuation equation is established from two-phase model of magnetically fluidized beds(MFBs).Then,the void fluctuation in MFBs is analyzed with wave theory and the criterion of critical area of magnetically stable fluidization is derived.The critical area of magnetically stable fluidization defined in this paper matches well with the experimental results.
    THEORETICAL MODEL OF DRAG BETWEEN GAS AND SOLID PHASE
    XIAO Haitao, QI Haiying, YOU Changfu , XU Xuchang
    2003, 54(3):  311-315. 
    Abstract ( 708 )   PDF (199KB) ( 265 )  
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    For describing the cluster phenomenon and its effect on drag force in gas-solid two-phase flow,the paper analyzed theoretically develped a model of gas-solid drag force in Eulerian frame under consideration of cluster effects by using the energy minimization concept.Comparing with the existing models,the new model can describe the interaction between gas phase and particle phase reasonably,and avoid error caused by the inaccurate experiential coefficient.In the numerical simulation of a CFB apparatus,the result of the new model agrees with the experiment data well,so it shows the remarkable advantage or simulation of dense gas-solid two-phase flow.
    EXPERIMENTIAL INVESTIGATION OF DISTRIBUTION OF VOID FRACTION BETWEEN HORIZONTAL TUBE BUNDLE
    CHEN Bin, FU Yuchen, GUO Liejin , ZHANG Ximin
    2003, 54(3):  316-320. 
    Abstract ( 670 )   PDF (178KB) ( 334 )  
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    The investigation of distribution of void fraction between tube bundle is of practical importance because of its effect on the distribution of temperature. In the present paper single-fiber optical probe is used to measure the distribution of void fraction. All the measurements are conducted along the circumference every 5 degrees. The distribution of void fraction near the tube is obtained and the effect of radius, angle, liquid and gas flowrate on the distribution of void fraction is investigated. Finally a practical correlation is fitted to calculate the average void fraction on the section.
    CHARACTERISTICS OF FLOW RATE TRANSIENTS IN GAS-LIQUID FLOW
    JIANG Yanming, LI Yuxing , FENG Shuchu
    2003, 54(3):  321-326. 
    Abstract ( 757 )   PDF (224KB) ( 429 )  
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    Transient flow induced by the change of fluid flow rate occurs frequently in two-phase pipelines. Many transient experiments are conducted on the authors’ big multiphase flow loop. Increasing gas flow rate causes pressure overshoots arising from gas inertia in stratified flow and from gas compressibility and liquid inertia in plug and slug flow. Decreasing the gas flow rate leads to pressure undershoot. In gas transients, flow patterns may appear which are not observed in corresponding quasi-steady state. By contrast, in liquid transients, pressures and flow pattern undergo smooth transitions and transient effects are small. In addition, the pressure waves and void fraction waves propagating downstream depend heavily on flow pattern and evolution of them determines the transient process. In gas transient flow, the speed of pressure change equals to sound velocity while in liquid transient flow it equals to the void fraction wave velocity.
    KINETICS RESEARCH IN SYNTHESIS OF METHYL tert-AMYL ETHER USING HYBRID EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHMS
    MENG Fanxu, YANG Bolun, YAO Ruiqing , TAO Xianhu
    2003, 54(3):  327-332. 
    Abstract ( 676 )   PDF (257KB) ( 322 )  
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    Hybrid evolutionary algorithms were developed. In this new method, the traditional genetic algorithm was modified by using adaptive multi-annealing crossover and mutation strategies instead of simple strategy. The multi-evolutionary mode was also adapted to improve search efficiency. The modified genetic algorithm avoided the problem of local optimum and showed the higher estimating precision and better convergence than the traditional genetic algorithm and Runge-Kutta method. This new hybrid evolutionary algorithm was successfully used to estimate the kinetics parameters for the synthesis of methyl tert-amyl ether from methanol and tert-amyl alcohol on strong acid cation exchange resin A-15. The calculated results using these parameters from the modified genetic algorithm agreed well with experimental data.
    GAS PERMEABILITY OF NOVEL α-CELLULOSE MEMBRANE
    WU Jiang, LIU Jianhui , YUAN Quan
    2003, 54(3):  333-338. 
    Abstract ( 716 )   PDF (238KB) ( 441 )  
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    Novel cellulose membranes were prepared by using amine oxides as its solvent. Steady-state gas permeation rates in a “water-swollen”α-cellulose membrane were measured at various temperatures.The function of water on α-cellulose membrane was also revealed by comparatively studying the gas permeability of cellulose acetate membrane, benzoylated cellulose membrane and polysulfone membrane in “dry” and “wet” state. The effect of swelling on permeability of α-membrane was studied in some details. The difference of gas permeability between “dry” and “water-swollen”α-cellulose membrane was investigated. The permeability of CO2 was as high as 130 barrer[1 barrer=7.5×10-14cm3(SPT)·cm·(cm2·s·Pa)-1]; the separation factor of CO2/H2 can be up to 15.
    EXTRACTION EQUILIBRIUM OF p-AMINOPHENOL WITH TRPO
    LI Deliang, QIN Wei , DAI Youyuan
    2003, 54(3):  339-343. 
    Abstract ( 550 )   PDF (207KB) ( 334 )  
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    Extraction equilibrium behavior of p-aminophenol is studied by using TRPO as extractant,and n-octanol or heptane as diluent.The distribution coefficient,D,is measured at various pH values.Mathematics models are proposed to describe the equilibrium behavior based on the physical extraction and reactive extraction of solvent.Results show that neutral p-aminophenol is hydrogen bonded and solvated to TRPO into the organic phase,and D value depends on the fraction of neutral p-aminophenol and TRPO concentration,but does not depend on the diluents apparently.The apparent reactive extraction constant,K,is almost constant in various solvents (about 10 with 10% deviation) except for 20%TRPO/n-octanol condition.The physical distribution constant,m,increased with TRPO concentration,and equivalent to additive of the physical extraction ability of diluent and TRPO.p-Aminophenol can be extracted with both acidic and basic extractants efficiently,the extraction ability shows the order of di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid>TRPO>Alamine 336,and their efficient pH region is 2—3,4—5, and 6.5—7.5 respectively.When extraction method is used to separate p-aminophenol solution,the extractant should be selected based on pH value of the practical solution to avoid the adverse effect of salt produced from adjusting pH.
    ADAPTIVE GENERALIZED GENERIC MODEL CONTROL
    WANG Dong, ZHOU Donghua , JIN Yihui
    2003, 54(3):  344-349. 
    Abstract ( 599 )   PDF (212KB) ( 234 )  
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    This paper presents two improved adaptive control approaches,which extend conventional Generic Model Control(GMC) to complex nonlinear time-varying processes with relative order larger than 1.The first one can automatically modify the process model through estimating the time-varying parameters by Strong Tracking Filter(STF);the other one introduces a concept of Input Equivalent Disturbance(IED),which includes all the disturbance factors.The IED can be adaptively estimated by STF,and can be used in feedforward compensation of disturbances.Simulation results validate the effectiveness of these two approaches.
    EFFECT OF AGITATION AND MIXING ON HYALURONIC ACID PRODUCTION BY Streptococcus zooepidemicus
    GAO Haijun, CHEN Jian, DU Guocheng, ZHANG Yanfang, CHEN Jinchun, CHEN Guoqiang
    2003, 54(3):  350-356. 
    Abstract ( 737 )   PDF (299KB) ( 392 )  
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    Rheological features of hyaluronic acid and effects of agitation and mixing on hyaluronic acid (HA) production by Streptococcus zooepidemicus were investigated. HA solution is a non-Newtonian Casson-fluid. Oxygen transfer rate between gas and liquid phase was influenced by agitation and concentration of HA. High HA production was accompanied by faster agitation. HA concentration and yield of HA at 650 r·min-1 reached 4.1 g·L-1,0.08 g·g-1 respectively. Based on circular cylinder cavern model, culture system was in perfect mixing state only at high speed agitation.
    THERMODYNAMIC AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON ADSORPTION COLD STORAGE WITH ZEOLITE-WATER PAIR
    LU Yunzhuang, WANG Ruzhu, ZHANG Min , JIANGZHOU Shu
    2003, 54(3):  357-361. 
    Abstract ( 587 )   PDF (193KB) ( 388 )  
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    Adsorption cold storage is an innovative cold storage with large storage capacity and zero cold energy loss during the storage process.Thermodynamic analysis on the characteristics and the performance of the adsorption cold storage are presented.An experimental adsorption cold storage system with a working pair of zeolite-water is set up and tested.Simulation and experimental investigation on the cold storage capacity and processes of cold discharge including adiabatic and cooling process is also presented.The results indicate that the adsorption cold storage system can be considered as a potentially efficient facility for energy saving.
    PERFORMANCE OF SEAWATER DESALINATION SYSTEM COUPLED WITH NUCLEAR HEATING REACTOR UNDER UNSTEADY STATE OPERATING CONDITIONS
    DU Xiaoze , WU Shaorong
    2003, 54(3):  362-367. 
    Abstract ( 604 )   PDF (231KB) ( 331 )  
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    The dynamic response of a designed large capacity VTE-MED nuclear seawater desalination system, with temperature difference distribution scheme with in-section equal area of heat exchanger under unsteady state operating conditions, was explored based on the established mathematical model. The process of specific heat transfer areas increasing with scale deposit in tubes under high top boiling temperature (TBT) was illustrated. The decrease of GOR, and even the termination of normal operation of the system caused by temperature drop of feed brine because of seasonal variation was explored, and corresponding measure of adjusting feed brine flux was proposed. Under different source heat flux, optimal brine feed was selected to obtain the highest GOR. The present work would be helpful for efficient and safe operation of nuclear VTE-MED desalination plant.
    KINETIC ON STEAM GASIFICATION OF PARTIALLY GASIFIED CHAR
    XIANG Yinhua, WANG Yang, ZHANG Jianmin, ZHANG Shouyu, FANG Yitian , DONG Zhongbing
    2003, 54(3):  368-373. 
    Abstract ( 510 )   PDF (226KB) ( 236 )  
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    Kinetic studies on char partially gasified in the fixed-bed were carried out on the thermogravimetric analyzer.The effects of char type,temperature and the gasification conversion in the fixed-bed on the kinetic parameters and the stage characteristics of gasification are discussed in this paper.Results indicate that the reactant gas-steam could activate the char.With the increase of the gasification conversion in the fixed-bed,the activation energy and the pre-exponental factor decrease,effect of the pressure of steam to gasification rate decreases(there is sometime increase of Wangfeng char at low gasification conversion).For different char types,the effects of gasification conversion in the fixed-bed on the reaction rate constant are different.Char type and temperature are important factors affecting the gasification rate.At the same time,they can also affect seriously the stage characteristics.
    COMBUSTION CHARACTERISTICS OF POWER COAL
    ZHENG Mingdong, HE Xiaojun
    2003, 54(3):  374-378. 
    Abstract ( 577 )   PDF (187KB) ( 233 )  
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    Combustion reaction is the most important way of coal conversion,coal’s combustion parameter plays an important role in evaluating its ecological and economic indicators.The combustion characteristics are studied in this paper on six types of different rank power coals by thermogravimetric and fourier transform infrared spectrometry technique,respectively.The results show that each characteristic temperature and the temperature at which these gases,such as CO,CO2 and H2O released,become small with the decrease of the coal rank,contrarily weight loss of lower rank coal sample between each characteristic temperature increases.CO is generated at a lower temperature while CO2 is mainly generated at a higher temperature.Both the variation of activation energy and the reaction order pass a maximum as the temperature increases in the combustion process.All the above observations indicate that lower rank coal is easier to combust than higher rank coal.
    SYNTHESIS OF WATER SOLUBLE QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALT-CONTAINING PHENOLIC RESIN WITH IMPROVED PHOTOSENSITIVE PROPERTIES
    ZHAN Xuegui , XIE Hongquan
    2003, 54(3):  379-382. 
    Abstract ( 492 )   PDF (155KB) ( 417 )  
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    This paper deals with acrylation of hydroxyl groups of a new type water soluble acrylate and quaternary ammonium salt groups-containing phenolic resin using acryloyl chloride. The hydroxyl groups were formed during ring-opening reaction of epoxy phenolic resin with acrylic acid and triethylamine hydrochloride. Effects of reaction time, reaction temperature,molar ratio of acryloyl chloride/OH on conversion of hydroxyl group are studied. Photosensitivity of the acrylated resin with that of unacrylated one is compared. The results show that the optimum reaction conditions are: the molar ratio of acryloyl chloride/OH of the resin=1.5/1, the reaction temperature is 40~50 ℃ and the reaction time is 1~2 h. The hydroxyl groups of the acrylate and quaternary ammonium salt-containing phenolic resin after reaction with acryloyl chloride are converted more than 75% to acrylate groups and the photocrosslinked gel of the resin after modification is almost twice of that before modification.
    NUMERICAL SIMULATION INTO DEFLAGRATION-FIELD OF COMBUSTIBLE VAPOUR CLOUD OPENING TO AIR
    LUO Zhenghong, ZHAN Xiaoli, DING Xinwei, WANG Shulan, YANG Yongrong
    2003, 54(3):  383-387. 
    Abstract ( 636 )   PDF (186KB) ( 228 )  
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    The compressed wave produced by the flame in combustible vapour cloud opening to air was researched by numerical simulation. Based on the fact that the energy-releasing speed is limited in the process of deflagration produced by combustible vapour cloud opening to air, the mathematical models expressed by Euler equation was refined further via importing a “on-off” function,which means energy wave mode.The new mathematical model including “on-off” function not only reflects the deflagration characteristic of limited energy-releasing speed, but also simulates the whole deflagration process via a equation.The solution of the equation and a computational example were given.The computational results were more consistent with the results of model experiment than other model results. The simulation results showed that the deflagration of the combustible vapour cloud opening to air could only produce weak shock waves and was nonideal explosions different from ideal explosions.
    EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF HEAT TRANSFER AND FLOW RESISTANCE PERFORMANCE ON HEAT EXCHANGER WITH LOZENGE FIN TUBES SUPPORTED BY HELICAL BAFFLES
    ZHAO Xiaoxi, DENG Xianhe , LU Enxi
    2003, 54(3):  388-391. 
    Abstract ( 690 )   PDF (161KB) ( 660 )  
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    Experimental investigation of heat transfer and flow resistance performance on heat exchanger with lozenge fin tubes supported by helical baffles was carried out. Under the experimental conditions,curves of relation between heat transfer film coefficient and flow velocity,relation between flow resistance coefficient and velocity were obtained,which provides references for industrial application of this type of heat exchanger. Experimental results indicated that within the range of diesel oil flow velocity 0.22—0.85 m·s-1,heat transfer film coefficient in shell side of heat exchanger with lozenge fin tubes supported by helical baffles was 512—1378 W·m-2·K-1,which was 54%—108% higher than that of heat exchanger with smooth tubes supported by helical baffles,while flow resistance coefficient was lower by 5%—30%,which showed that heat exchanger with lozenge fin tubes supported by helical baffles had favorable heat transfer and flow resistance performance.
    NUMERICAL SIMULATION ON FLOW-REACTION PROGRESS IN TUBULAR REACTOR OF STEAM CRACKERS(Ⅰ)DEVELOPMENT OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL FLOW-REACTION MODEL
    SHA Li, ZHANG Hongmei, GAO Jinsen , XUN Chunming
    2003, 54(3):  392-397. 
    Abstract ( 621 )   PDF (218KB) ( 202 )  
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    In the present paper,a two-dimensional flow-reaction mathematical model is developed by integrating a deliberate kinetic and coking model with the k-ε turbulence model and heat transfer model that contains the conduction within the laminar layer near the tubular wall. Numerical simulation on a naphtha cracker and an ethane cracker in Yanshan Petrochemical company utilizing the developed flow-reaction model showed that the predicted exit composition is in agreement with the production data. Reasonable distributions of some product yields and engineering parameters are also obtained in the radial and axial directions. This suggests that the established flow-reaction model can be used for performance simulation in commercial tubular reactor of steam crackers.
    METHOD AND EFFECT OF CATALYST DISPERSION IN DIRECT SYNTHESIS OF DDS
    HAN Lu, LUO Wuxi, LIANG Weihua, WANG Guangrun, WANG Jinfu
    2003, 54(3):  398-402. 
    Abstract ( 757 )   PDF (199KB) ( 595 )  
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    Based on the synthesis of DDS in fluidization bed,a new method that can remarkably enhance reactivity and selectivity of the copper-silicon contact mass is investigated experimentally. DDS is produced from silicon and methyl chloride at about 300 ℃in the direct synthesis process. The catalyst used in this reaction system is active cuprous chloride powder,which usually forms conglomeration of powder. The conglomerate of catalyst is known to be harmful to the synthesis reaction. Treated by ultrasonic energy,conglomeration of active cuprous chloride catalyst is destroyed,so as to achieve better proportioned dispersion of silicon and catalyst powder. By this means, CuCl catalyst is distributed evenly on the surface of silicon powder, thereby reaction activity and selectivity are increased in the synthesis process of DDS. Using ultrasonic dispersion achieves the same reaction activity with smaller catalyst dosage than the normal dispersion method.
    PREPARATION OF PYRROLE FROM FURAN AND AMMONIA WITH PRESENCE OF WATER VAPOR
    LOU Zhihui, JIA Mengqiu , XUE Chuanxin
    2003, 54(3):  403-407. 
    Abstract ( 987 )   PDF (200KB) ( 258 )  
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    Using aluminium silicate-composing catalyst,pyrrole was prepared from furan and ammonia by intra-annular heteroatomic substitution reaction with presence of water vapor. As for the preparation of aluminium silicate-composing catalyst,the effect of various technical parameters and promotor action on the catalytic performance were observed. As Shoun by the experimental result,a catalyst,which showed better activity and selectivity than others, was obstained under the following preparative conditions: calcining temperature 600 ℃,pH value range 2.5~3.2,gelating time 5h and alumina content 10%~25%(m). Furthermore,adding cadmium oxide in a minor amount as a promotor also improved the catalytic performance. For the substitutive reaction,the reaction conditions were examined. As indicated,the optimal result of yield 89.2%,conversion 90.2%,selectivity 98.7% was accomplished with reaction temperature 420 ℃,molar ratio 1∶8∶37(C4H4O∶NH3∶H2O), and the liquid hourly space velocity of furan 0.20 h-1.
    EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH ON PYROLYSIS CHARACTERISTICS OF PRINTED CIRCUIT BOARD WASTES
    SUN Lushi, LU Jidong, WANG Shijie, ZHANG Juan , ZHOU Hu
    2003, 54(3):  408-412. 
    Abstract ( 633 )   PDF (184KB) ( 327 )  
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    Pyrolysis kinetics of a kind of printed circuit board waste was investigated under various conditions with thermogravimetry (TG) in the present work. The dynamic thermogravimetric analysis curve and its derivative were analyzed to obtain information on the kinetic parameters. The data from experiments were processed to determine the pyrolysis mechanism of printed circuit board and the kinetic parameters such as activation energy E(kJ/mol) and pre-exponential factor A(1/min). A tube-type apparatus was used to pyrolyze printed circuit board waste under different conditions,and the products were analysised by using FTIR and EPMA.
    MANNICH BASES OF o-METHYLPHENOL AS GASOLINE ANTIKNOCK ADDITIVES
    YUAN Xiaodong
    2003, 54(3):  413-416. 
    Abstract ( 754 )   PDF (136KB) ( 279 )  
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    The situation of gasoline antiknock additives and the reasons of phenol type Mannich base as gasoline antiknock additives were discussed.Mannich bases were synthesized.The results of phenol type Mannich bases used as gasoline antiknock additives showed that these kinds of Mannich base compounds possessed good oil solubility and better antiknock ability.The RON of straight-run gasoline and 90# motor petrol with 5%(vol) of CPC112[2,4-di(dimethylaminomethyl)o-methylphenol] could be increased by 9.7 units and 2.6 units . They had no corrosion on metal and they could be used as gasoline antiknock additives. Among all the studied Mannich bases,CPC112 had good prospect of application.
    CHARACTERIZATION OF MEMBRANE FOULING AND RINSING EFFICIENCY BY STREAMING POTENTIAL AND FLUX METHOD
    ZHAO Zhiping, WANG Zhi , WANG Shichang
    2003, 54(3):  417-418. 
    Abstract ( 548 )   PDF (90KB) ( 216 )  
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    With the flux decline coefficient (mf), flux recovery coefficient (mr), streaming potential (SP) decline coefficient (kf) and SP recovery coefficient(kr), the fouling extent of membrane and its rinsing efficiency were quantitatively characterized. This combined SP and flux method is useful in studying at the interactions between protein and membrane. It was pointed out that the SP variation and flux decline resulted from both the interior BSA adsorption and the exterior BSA fouling (adsorption and deposition). For the SP variation, the interior BSA adsorption was a more important factor. Flux decline was mainly caused by the exterior BSA fouling.