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Table of Content
25 December 1960, Volume 11 Issue 2
    化工学报
    THE BEHAVIOR OF THE VISCOSES PREPARED FROM DIFFERENT CELLULOSIC MATERIALS DURING THE RIPENING PROCESS
    HSIEH HONG-CHUAN AND TSWEI SONG-HOU (Institute of Applied Chemistry, Aeademia Sinica)
    1960, 11(2):  83-96. 
    Abstract ( 498 )   PDF (586KB) ( 180 )  
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    The chemical changes, the colloidal changes and the distribution of xanthate groups of the viscoses prepared from three different cellulosic materials, namely, Finnish sulfite wood pulp, prehydrolyzed sulfate bagasse pulp and prehydrolyzed soda cotton linters pulp, during the ripening process were investigated. The results indicate that different sources of cellulosic materials almost have no influence upon the rate of change of the y value (degree of xanthation) or the electrolyte value (coagulation property). The ralations between the γ value or the electrolyte value (E)and the time both fit the equation of the second-order reaction. At 20℃ the velocity constants for the three viscoses are nearly the same, i. e. Kr = 1.87×10-4 (hr)-1 and KE = 7.95×10~5 (hr)-1. The relation between the electrolyte value and the γ value of the three viscoses shows that at the same electrolyte value the viscose from the wood pulp has the highest γ value, that from the bagasse pulp the second and that from the cotton linters pulp the lowest. This relation is in connection with the distribution of xanthate groups of the viscoses. The determination of the distribution of xanthate groups according to the method of Scherer and Phillips shows that the viscose from the wood pulp has the most uniform distribution of xanthate groups, that from the bagasse pulp less uniform and that from the cotton linters pulp the least uniform. The fractionation of the diethylchloroacetamide derivative of cellulose xanthate using chlorohydrin-water system depends not only on the γ value, but also probably on the degree of polymerization.
    THE FUNDAMENTAL PROPERTIES OF THE FLOW OF GRANULAR MATERIALS THROUGH APERTURES
    Kuo TIEN-MING and SOON Yu (Peking Institute of Petroleum Technology)
    1960, 11(2):  97-113. 
    Abstract ( 517 )   PDF (693KB) ( 218 )  
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    The flow of grannular solids through apertures has been studied under the followingthree conditions: (1) with no pressure differential, (2) under positive pressure differential and (3) under negative pressure differential. The influence of various related factors upon the solid flow rate has been measured. Based upon the correlation of 665 sets of data obtained the following equations for calculating solid flow rate and sealing pressure difference gradient of vertical stand-pipe. With no pressure differential : C1 - 0.66. when G0 expressed in [kg/cek] Under positive pressure differential : C2 = 2.3×10~4 when (G1 - G0) expressed in [kg/cek]. Under negative pressure differential (before the critical point) : for sand C3 - 5.04, for coal C3 = 9.84 The sealing pressure difference gradient of vertical stand-pipe :
    VAPOR-PHASE HYDROGENATION OF FURFURAL TO FURFURYL ALCOHOL IN A FLUIDIZED BED
    DEPARTMENT OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY, INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY OF TIENTSIN
    1960, 11(2):  114-120. 
    Abstract ( 587 )   PDF (340KB) ( 177 )  
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    Investigations have been made on the catalytic hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol in a fluidized bed. Effects on the reaction of the variables such as temperature, inlet gas composition and space velocity have been studied. The optimum reaction conditions as shown by the experimental results are: temperature 140℃, space velocity 2.6-3.0 liter/(min. ×100 ml. catalyst), and inlet gas composition (molar ratio of furfural to hydrogen) 1: 40-45. The once-through yield of furfuryl alcohol is greater than 90%, and the outlet mixture contains no any unreacted furfural.
    STUDY OF THE ADSORPTION ACTION OF SULFONATED COAL FOR PHENOL HOMOLOGUES
    LIN DA-QUEN AND YAO MEN-SAN (Research Institute of Petroleum Science, Ministry of Petroleum Industry)
    1960, 11(2):  121-130. 
    Abstract ( 616 )   PDF (459KB) ( 137 )  
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    Sulfonated coal possesses very good adsorption action for phenols and its homologues. The experiment mentioned here systematically investigated the adsorption rates, the equillibrium concentrations and the factors affecting the adsorption action of the sulfonated coal for phenolic compounds. The results obtained show that the adsorption rates of sulfonated coal for phenolic compounds are very rapid and the equillibrium reached after 90 minutes. Among the homologues, the adsorption of phenol is preferential. The experiment proves that the adsorption is substantially the action of the active center of sulfonated coal upon the hydroxyl group on the aromatic rings. Applying the above conclusions, the approximate total quantity of phenolic compounds adsorbed on sulfonated coal may be obtained when various samples of waste water of different phenolic compound content are treated with sulfonated coal. In case the operation temperature is raised to 70℃, the adsorption concentration decreases apparently, but low temperature (<10℃)is also disadvantageous. Generally, temperature in the range 20-30℃ is favorable. It is obvious that high temperature favors the desorption of phenolic compounds from sulfonated coal. When the pH value of the solution gets above 8, the adsorption of phenolic compounds on sulfonated coal decreases apparently, a sharp drop being observed. The presence of sulfides in solution weakens the adsorption of phenolic compounds on sulfonated coal on account of the formation of phenolates. Other impurities such as amino- and cyano- compounds as well as organic acids do not show apparent influence, if their concentration is not higher then their usual content in waste water. Excessive alkali in solution apparently suppresses the adsorption ability of sulfonated coal for phenolic compounds, and even blocks up the action entirely. In short, either in view of the adsorption rate or the factors affecting the adsorption process, the facts obtained prove that the dephenoling action of sulfonated coal is an adsorption rather than an ion-exchange process.
    THE VAPOR-LIQUID EQUILIBRIUM OF THE TERNARY SYSTEM TOLUENE-n-HEPTANE-HEPTENE-(3)
    WEN SHUI Mo ZHI-GUANG, JEAN SHUEN-CHI CHUNG SHIN-TAI AND KUANG WEI-GUANG (Institute of Chemical Technology, South China)
    1960, 11(2):  150-161. 
    Abstract ( 644 )   PDF (444KB) ( 155 )  
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    The vapor pressure of heptene-(S) was determined. Vapor-liquid equilibria of two binary systems, i.e. toluene-heptene-(3), n-heptane-heptene-(3), and the ternary system toluene-n-heptane-heptene-(3) were determined with the Gillespies type equilibrium still. With the equilibrium data of the following three binary systems i.e. n-heptane-toluene, ?heptane-heptene-(3), toluene-hcptene-(3) the vapor-liquid equilibrium of the ternary system toluene-n-heptane-heptene-(3) was calculated by means of Spinners and Whites equation respectively. The calculated results were found to be coincident with the experimental data.