Mass transfer coefficient and axial mixing coefficient in RDC were evaluated from the axial concentration profiles of the continuous phase. Drop size distributions instead of d32 were used in the evaluation of parameters. Axial mixing of the continuous phase and forward mixing of the dispersed phase were considered. Experiments were carried out in a RDC of 76 mm in diameter. Water and n-butanol were used as continuous phase and dispersed phase respectively. Succinic acid as the solute was transferred from water to butanol drops. Mass transfer coefficient kc and axial mixing coefficient Ec were simultaneously determined by matching the calculated concentration profile with the experimental data. The predicted values of kc and Ec with drop size distribution taken into consideration were shown to be lower than those obtained by using d32 only and the estimated Ec will be much higher if the contribution of mass transfer during drop formation was not considered.

The experimental phase equilibria data under high pressure for CO2-i-C3H7OH binary system and CO2-i-C3H7OH-H2O ternary system were measured by using the static method. The results indicated that isopropanol could be separated from the aqueous solution and the corresponding azeotrope could be broken by extraction with supercritical carbon dioxide. A thermodynamic model for CO2-i-C3H7OH-H2O ternary system has Leen established by the use of SRK equation and Huran-Vidal mixing rule. The ternary vapor liquid equilibria could be predicted by this model with binary parameters only. The abrupt change of the direction of equilibrium tie lines with temperature and pressure could also be described successfully. Various operation conditions for isopropanol extraction with supercritical carbon dioxide are also discussed.

The rod-baffle condenser is a new type of shell-and-tube heat exchanger. In the present paper, a method for calculating heat transfer coefficient of the shell-side condensation of vapor mixture is proposed according to the structural characteristics of the rod-baffle condenser and experimental verification is given. The rod-baffle condenser can be classified into circular and rectangular types. The circular one consists of 9 rod-baffle rounds and 37 tubes φ19×2 mm in size. The rectangular one consists of 10 rod-baffle rounds and 14 tubes φ25×2.5mm in size. In the front of the shell there are 5 glass windows for observing flow pattern during condensation. The working media in the experiment are ethanol-water, gasoline and gasoline-nitrogen systems. In the gravity-controlled region and transition region, the differences between calculated values and theoretical values are less than 32%.

The working equation of Conder and Young (1979) for the Chromatograph?ic Step-and-Pulse Method was reasonably simplified and used to predict vapour-liquid equilibria. Twenty-two binary systems including eleven miscible, three partially miscible and eight polymer containing systems were studied. The calculated solute activity coefficients and partial pressures were in good agreement with experimental data. Extension of this new equation to gas-solid adsorption isotherms was also studied.

Mass transfer characteristics of hemodialysis in a hollow fiber dialyzer was studied and a relatively simplified theoretical model was proposed by assuming 2-dimensional and axi-symmetrical flow of a Newtonian fluid accompanied by convective mass transfer across the semi-permeable membrane. The permeation rate was assumed to be small and constant, and the dialysate flow channel was regarded as a perfect mixing-pool. Experiments were carried out by using dog blood in the conditions based on the authers model. Comparison of the theoretical results and experimental date showed that the dependence of mass transfer coefficient on ultra-filtration could be expressed by a linear equation. The error between the theoretical results and expe rmental data was less than 15%.

This article discusses the generation of pumping force in the. box-type pumping mixer, derives a two-parameter suction equation based on circular jet model, and analyses various factors affecting pumping mixers suction head. The parameters of the suction model are evaluated from experimental data of two systems, water-oil phase (Kerosene+ 5.0% Butanol) andaluminate liquor-oil phase, in a box-type pumping mixer-settler with a mixing volume of about 1.2 liters, and equipped with Rushton turbine and six-blade closed turbine as agitators.

The kinetics of CH4 dissociation and CO disproportionation on cohered nickel catalysts and the contribution of La2O3 and CeO2 to the catalytic reactions were studied by the pulse-reaction-chromatograph technique. The activity of the catalysts was decreased by the carbon deposited on the surface of nickel. Satisfying results were obtained by introducing the carbon-deposition factor into the kinetic equations. Appropriate quantities of the oxide of rare earth metal added to the catalyst can reduce the activation energy of the reactions. The values are: 3% (mass)of both La2O3 and CeO2 for CO disproportionation;4.5%(mass)La2O3 and3%CeO2 for CH4 dissociation. The reduction of activation energy is within 44kJ/mol for CH4 and 33kJ/mol for CO when the oxide of rare earth metal is added to the catalysts in an amount of 0-6%(mass). According to the results of experiments, it is assumed that the dissociation of the first hydrogen atom from adsorbed CH4 is the rate controlling-step. The electric charge attraction between the rare earth metal oxide and adsorbed CH4 and nickel atoms causes the reduction of activation energy of the CH4 dissociation, while for the CO disproportionation, the reduction of activation energy results from the transfer of the lattice oxygen in the oxide of rare earth metal. The carbon formed in CO disproportionation shows relatively little, influence on the activity of the catalyst, because carbon is considered to be able to migrate from the nickel catalyst to the surface of catalyst support.

In this paper, the functional relations between the structural parameters of the grinding chamber and gas flow parameters in a jet mill are established systemtically with the theory of gas dynamics and hydrodynamics. The calculation equation of gas velocity is derived. These results not only agree with the experimental conclusions in literature, but also are supported by the authors experiment using Laser Doppler Anemometry to measure the" velocity field in the jet mill. The theoretical basis and calculation method for designing jet mill and selecting its working conditions are provided and a preliminary study has been done to establish the mathematical model of jet mill on the basis of comminution kinetics.

In this paper, a new infeasible path optimization method for complex modules is developed. It differs from the existing infeasible path optimization method in that it does not need the convergence of calculation for each round of iteration in complex modules. The problems of selecting the initial values of trial variables and scaling factors are also discussed and the algorithms for their selection are proposed separately. The new method has been successfully applied to the optimization of the flowrate of circulating water for the CO shift section in ammonia synthesis.

By analysing the discharge characteristics of flammable gas explosion, an expression was derived for the proper venting area for spherical and cylindrical vessels withstanding internal flammable gas explosion. A series of experiments were carried out with C2H4/air mixtures and rupture discs in four cylindrical vessels. The experimental results show a good agreement with the theoretical results.

In this paper, the Pontryagin maximum principle is used to solve the mathematical mode) for batch processes of cooling crystallization. On the basis of the function relating the rate of nucleation B and the the rate of crystal growth G to the rate of cooling u as is measured by the batch method, the equation of state, Hamiltonian function, adjoint equations describing the processes are developed. An applied software is established to compute the conditions of optimized control. For the sake of verification of the method mentioned above, experiments with aqueous solutions of (NH4)2SO4 and NaNO2 were conducted in both MSMPR crystallizer of 4L and DTB crystallizer of 700L. The particles of 210 samples were sized by means of Coulter counter. Good agreement between computations and experimentations show that, this software can be applied to design and analysis of operations

The perforangle plate is a compound column plate composed of perforated plate and angle plate. The hydrodynamics experiments were conducted for the combinations of weir heights of 30mm and 50mm, perforated plate aperture of 26%, 39%, 52% and angle plate aperture of 8.8%, 12.8% in a plexiglass tower 250mm in diameter. The NH3-H2O-air absorption experiments were also conducted in this apparatus. The rectification for ethanol-water system at infinite reflux, was performed under atmospheric pressure for the combinations of weir heights of 30mm and 50mm, and perforated plate aperture of 32.5%, 17.45% and angle plate aperture 8.39% in a stainless steel tower 257mm in diameter. Some useful equations for engineering design were obtained. The advantages of high separation efficiency, low pressure drop and wide operation range of perforangle plate have been confirmed by alcohol production.

Three-phase distillation hydrodynamic behaviour was investigated with water and kerosene as the two immiscible liquids and air as the third phase. Experimental studies were carried out on flow-guide sieve trays in a 600 mm x 150mm rectangular perspex simulator. Spray, froth and mixed regimes, and transition regimes were studied. Liquid-liquid mixing was also studied in the experiment. Mathematical correlations for clear liquid height, entrainment rates, pressure drop and other hy-drodynamic parameters are given.

Despite its obvious advantage of energy conservation, thermally coupled distillation has not been widely used in industry since 1960s. The reason for its limited application and its future prospect are investigated by simulation study of the operational performances. For systems to be separated with different degrees of "Separation Difficulty Ns", the operational performances of thermally coupled distillation towers are quite different. Only the operational performances of those thermally coupled distillation towers with a lower degree of separation difficulty are acceptable for industrial use. The multiple solutions for Petlyuk columns are also discussed. The confi-gurations and operational performances of possible solutions are quite different Only the one with optimal performance should be chosen as the design basis.

This paper presents a study on heat transfer between immersed surface and suspension in a fast fluidized bed 186mm in inside diameter and 8m in height. The results show that heat transfer coefficient in fast fluidized bed increases with increasing solid recirculating rate and decreases with increasing superficial gas velocity, furthermore it decreases along bed height corresponding to the change of the solid concentration.

In this study the vapor and liquid equilibrium compositions in a ternary system CO-CO2-CH3OH were determined statically under the conditions of t = -5, -30, -55℃, P = 23.57×l05Pa, 79.47×l05Pa and xCo2 = 0.02-0.3.Based on the experiment, the non-ideality of the gas phase was treated with the SRK equation of state, while that of the liquid phase was treated with the Wilson model for activity coefficients. The model parameters were determined with CO-CO2, CO-CH3OH and CO2-CH3OH constituent systems. The values calculated with the model are in good agreement with the experimental values.

Based on the liquid model of statistical thermodynamics and the concept of local composition, the equations of Gibbs free energy and activity coefficient of liquid mixtures are derived. The equation of viscosity of liquid mixtures is obtained by combining the model with the theory of reaction rate. Then the correlation between viscosity and vapor-liquid equilibrium is obtained. Predictions of vapor-liquid equilibrium data of 14 binary systems from viscosities of liquid mixtures are given in this paper. The predicted results agree with experimental data. It is shown that the equations and the prediction method are of good applicability and reliability.

The absorption kinetics of carbonyl sulfide in aqueous solution of Fe(Ⅲ)-EDTA was studied by using a gas-liquid double mixing gradientiess contactor. The effects of absorption temperature, interface concentration of carbonyl sulfide, the pH of solution and the concentration of Fe(Ⅲ)-EDTA on the absorption rate of carbonyl sulfide in aqueous solution of Fe(Ⅲ)-EDTA were examined. The experimental results showed that the absorption rate was controlled by the hydrolysis reaction rate of carbonyl sulfide in liquid phase. Under the experimental conditions, the absorption rate can be expressed by the following equation: where the dimension of NA is mol/(m2·s). According to the experimental results and Pearsons general principle of reaction for soft and hard acids and bases, feasible plans for improving the performance of carbonyl sulfide absorption in aqueous solution of Fe(Ⅲ)- EDTA were proposed.