The great expectation has been placed on the application of Li-ion batteries in power batteries. However, the application has been hindered largely by the safety performance of Li-ion batteries which has close correlation with the properties of electrolytes. Ionic liquids with the properties of non-flammability, low-volatility and high-thermal-stability had been substituted for organic solvents as Li-ion battery electrolyte. In this review, the application of ionic liquids as Li-ion battery electrolyte is induced. It’s including the advantages/disadvantages of ionic liquids electrolyte and methods of improving electrochemical properties. Finally, the outlook for the further research is proposed.

The modeling and simulation of all vanadium redox flow battery（VRB）is the foundation for design, scale-up, control and optimization. According to the complexity of the VRB models, progresses of empirical and semi-empirical models are introduced. The developing theoretical models are analyzed.  Compared with the advantages and the disadvantages of each model, it indicates that future modeling and simulation research should focus on building much more exact and authentic model and incorporating in the control system for practical applications. Meanwhile, the VRB models should also develop from single cell to stack, module and system.

Vapor liquid equilibrium of aqueous solution of ［BMIM］Br in different temperature and pressure were simulated by NPT-Gibbs Ensemble Monte Carlo(GEMC) method with Towhee packages by using Linux system. A modifying dielectric constant method was proposed to calculate the long-range force. The results of modifying dielectric constant method, polarizable and nonpolarizable models were compared with experimental results. The results show that compared to the polarizable and nonpolarizable models, the modifying dielectric constant method has better accuracy. In addition, molecular dynamics simulation on ［BMIM］Br aqueous solution was carried out with DL_POLY packages using Linux system, the diffusion coefficients of ［BMIM］ ion, Br-ion and water were calculated. The results indicate that with the increase of water content in the solution, the diffusion coefficients of ILs’ions and water are significantly improved.

A homogeneous, colorless ionic liquid analogous containing magnesium chloride is reported. The structure of the ionic liquid analogous is preliminary investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The physico-chemical properties of ionic liquid analogous of choline chloride-urea-MgCl₂ such as viscosity, conductivity, density and CV are measured as a function of temperature at atmospheric pressure. The thermal expansion coefficients, the molar Gibbs energy of activation for viscous flow, the molar enthalpy of activation and the molar entropy of activation for viscous flow have been calculated.

The ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dibutylphosphate (［BMIM］［DBP］) was prepared and vapor pressure for three binary systems composed of ［BMIM］［DBP］and water, methanol or ethanol were measured at different temperature and mole fraction with static method, the data was correlated with NRTL activity coefficient model. The results indicate that the binary solutions are all negative deviation from the Roualt’s Law, which make them to be suitable as candidates for working pairs in industrial applications of absorption heat pumps. Meanwhile the experimental data can be well correlated by NRTL equations with the average relative deviations (ARD) of 2.37%, 2.51% and 1.89%, respectively.

An evaluating method of gas velocity distributions along the tray deck is reliably formulated in this paper that derived from sum model of the pressure drop combined with pressure balance on trays. In order to validate the formula, a case study is presented to illustrate the method. The experiment program was carried out in the 6400 mm×800 mm rectangular simulators with air/water system in which two-pass valve trays were divided uniformly into 16 zones（8 zones in every pass）. Pressure drops (dry and total) and liquid hold-up in every zone along tray decks were measured. The model can well characterize and predict the local gas rate distribution in each zone along tray decks on large scale trays within reliably accuracy based on the experiments data of pressure drop and liquid holdup.

For the purpose of increasing yields ratio of diesel and gasoline，the most refinery and petrochemicals often take measures of decreasing ASTM D86 end point of gasoline product of main fractionators in RFCC unit in China, in which serious problems of poor stability and pressure drop rising were encountered in operation of main fractionators equipped with the jet tray. Based on the observations of operation phenomena and test on perform contact tray tested by FRI, a reliable analogy for that on jet trays in industrial tower was made. The results demonstrate that the serious inlet weeping and inlet jetting phenomena take place on the jet tray of main fractionators, showing the significant scale-up effect in largedistillation tower. The key to solve this problem is to control the distribution of liquid layer on the tray. In this paper, the program installing the inlet and outlet weirs on the tray was proposed to regulate the liquid layer and eliminate the scale-up effect, thus lowering the tray pressure drop and improving the operating effects. The results showed that under the conditions of processing capacity of 140 million tons per year, the tower pressure drop from original 28—34 kPa (design experiential values in China) reduced to a stable 16 kPa that is agree with design predicted value 18 kPa, reducing 50%; the total yield of gasoline and diesel increased from 68.13% to 68.48%, the yield of light oil increased 0.35%, the diesel-gasoline ratio increased from 0.82 to 0.88, the gasoline and diesel products from the overlaping 28℃ before the technological revamping reduce to overlaping 6℃, which demonstrated that the separation efficiency was improved. Under the condition of processing capacity of 160 million tons per year, the tower pressure drop rose only to 26 kPa, still lower than that before revamping, and achieved to the smooth operation and qualified product.

With ultrapure water as working medium, the heat transfer characteristics of parallel type pulsating heat pipe with three different liquid filling ratios (35%, 50% and 70%) and two different inclination angles (60°and 90°) were investigated experimentally and analytically. On the basis, the effect of liquid filling ratio and inclination angle with different heating powers on the properties of parallel type pulsating heat pipe, namely wall temperature,temperature difference of heating section and condensing section, heat transfer quantity and thermal resistance were studied. Meanwhile, the uncertainty of thermal resistance was also calculated. The experimental results show that liquid filling ratio and inclination angle can effectively influence heat transfer characteristics of pulsating heat pipe. When the inclination angle was 90°, on the condition of different liquid filling ratios, pulsation stability of wall temperature with liquid filling ratios of 35% and 50% were superior to that of 70%. When the liquid filling ratio was 50%, the thermal resistance and temperature difference of heating section and condensing section were the smallest. On the contrary, when the liquid filling ratio was 70%, the corresponding thermal resistance and temperature difference were the largest. In addition, with liquid filling ratio of 50% and inclination angle of 60° and 90°, pulsation range of wall temperature and thermal resistance with 60° were large, and the corresponding heat transfer limitation became narrow with the same heating power comparedwith inclination angle of 90°. Therefore, heat transfer effect with liquid filling ratio of 60° was obviously worse than that with liquid filling ratio of 90°.

Multiple longitudinal vortex was made in a tube by double-twist elements incorporated in a section. Longitudinal vortex form and strength were affected by two adjacent twist elements rotate direction and dislocation angle. The effect of dislocation angle on Nusselt number and pressure drop was more significant than on the elements rotate direction. To study the influence of different combinations of twisted element on turbulent heat exchange performance, the coordination between velocity, temperature gradient and pressure gradient were studied using six different combinations of twisted element in a section. The results show that in the near wall region, increasing dislocation angle can improve the coordination between velocity and temperature gradient and two adjacent twist elements in opposite rotate direction are better than that in the same each other. For the coordination between velocity and pressure gradient, two adjacent twist elements in the same rotate direction are superior to that in opposite each other, but the difference decreases with the increasing dislocation angle. When the dislocation angle is 90°, the difference is minimal in the range of y/R < 0.75.

The temperature field and the velocity field of the water heat pipe are numerically simulated in order to analyze the temperature uniformity in the thermometer well. The mathematical models of three coupled heat transfer areas, which include the pipe wall, the wick, the liquid water in the cavity and the vapor, are established. By using VOF model, the heat and mass transfer process of fluid flow and heat transfer in the water heat pipe were simulated to obtain the temperature distribution and velocity distribution under steady state. The effects of the heating temperature, the length of the heating section, and the filling volume on the temperature field in the water heat pipe are analyzed. Moreover, the comparison result indicates that there is a good agreement between the numerical simulation results and the experimental results. The results of this paper can provide theoretical basis and guidance for water heat pipe design, operation and improvement.

An basic ionic liquid 1-methyl-3-(triethoxysilyl)propylimidazolium hydroxide (［Smim］OH) were grafted on mesoporous silica gel (SiO₂) with different amount by post-grafting method. The prepared materials, which were verified by means of FTIR, element analysis, ²⁹Si MAS NMR and TG could be used as heterogeneous catalysts toward propylene carbonate (PC) synthesis through cycloaddition of CO₂ with propylene oxide (PO) under solventless and mild conditions. The results showed that such grafted ionic liquids (GILs) were successfully grafted on the support of silica gel via covalent bonds, but the degree of ionic liquids grafted on the silica gel was different. Under the optimal reaction conditions, the PO conversion could reach 99.5% and 100% selectivity towards PC. The catalyst could be recovered and recycled easily with filtration. In addition, the catalytic activity basically remained after being used for several times.

Four kinds of quaternary ammonium ionic liquid were prepared by one-step method. The IR and ¹H NMR spectra showed that their structures were in accordance with their theoretical structure. n-Butyl acetate was synthesized with acetic acid and  n-butyl alcohol catalyzed by the 4 kinds of ionic liquids prepared under the same conditions. Their catalytic activity sequence was ［Et₂NH₂］［HSO₄］>［Et₃NH］［HSO₄］> ［n-Pro₃NH］［HSO₄］［n-But₃NH］［HSO₄］, ［Et₂NH₂］［HSO₄］and ［Et₃NH］［HSO₄］were immiscible with the product, ［n-Pro₃NH］［HSO₄］and ［n-But₃NH］［HSO₄］were miscrible with the product, the result showed the catalytic activity and polarity of ionic liquids were related to their cation structure, especially the chain length of the cation, both the catalytic activity and polarity of the ionic liquids were getting lower with the chain length increasing. The effects of reaction time, reaction temperature, molar ratio of n-butyl alcohol to acetic acid and catalyst dosage on the yield of n-butyl acetate were investigated when ［Et₃NH］［HSO₄］was selected as the catalyst of esterification reaction. Under the conditions of molar ratio of n(n-butyl alcohol):n(acetic acid)∶n(［Et₃NH］［HSO₄］) =1∶2∶0.25, reaction temperature 90℃ and reaction time 8 h, the yield of n-butyl acetate reached to 81.94%。After removal of water, n-butyl acetate and unreacted raw materials by vacuum distillation, the ionic liquid was recovered and reused 4 times, the yield of n-butyl acetate did not decreased markdely, it showed that the ionic liquid was stable during the reaction and could be reused.

Five sulfonic acid functionalized ionic liquids were designed and synthesized in order to explore catalysts with high catalytic activity and easy separation for synthesis of biodiesel. First, zwitterion was obtained through reaction between 1-allyl-imidazolium and 1,4-butane sultone. Second, sulfonic acid functionalized ionic liquids were synthesized by direct reaction of zwitterion with H₂SO₄,CF₃SO₃, H₃PW₁₂O₄₀, H₃PMo₁₂O₄₀ and H₄SiW₁₂O₄₀ respectively. ¹H NMR, FTIR and TG/DTA were used to study structure and thermal stability of ionic liquids. The process of catalytic esterification reaction between oleic acid and methanol was used for investigation catalytic activity and reusability of various sulfonic acid functionalized ionic liquids. The result showed that all kinds of ionic liquids had high activity ( higher than that of H₂SO₄ ) and their catalytic activity keep unchanged after four cycles. Three kinds of heteropoly acids based ionic liquids did not dissolve with products, and mixed with products in the state of solid after removal of excessive methanol. The property made them more convenient in separation.

The methanolysis of waste compact discs (WCD) was studied using ionic liquid ［Bmim］［Cl］ as solvent and catalyst. The effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, ionic liquid dosage and methanol dosage on methanolysis results were examined. The obtained optimum reaction conditions were reaction temperature 110℃, reaction time 1.5 h, n(WCD)∶n(methanol)=1∶8, m(ionic liquids)∶m(WCD)=1∶1. Under above conditions, the conversion of WCD and yield of bisphenol A (BPA) were ≥98% and ≥93% respectively. The reusability of ionic liquid in the methanolysis was investigated, and the results showed that it could be reused up to 8 times without an apparent decrease in the conversion of WCD and yield of BPA under the given conditions. The structure of obtained product BPA was characterized by FT-IR.The methanolysis of waste compact discs (WCD) was studied using ionic liquid ［Bmim］［Cl］ as solvent and catalyst. The effects of reaction temperature, reaction time, ionic liquid dosage and methanol dosage on methanolysis results were examined. The obtained optimum reaction conditions were reaction temperature 110℃, reaction time 1.5 h, n(WCD)∶n(methanol)=1∶8, m(ionic liquids)∶m(WCD)=1∶1. Under above conditions, the conversion of WCD and yield of bisphenol A (BPA) were ≥98% and ≥93% respectively. The reusability of ionic liquid in the methanolysis was investigated, and the results showed that it could be reused up to 8 times without an apparent decrease in the conversion of WCD and yield of BPA under the given conditions. The structure of obtained product BPA was characterized by FT-IR.

With ［Bmim］Cl as reactive medium, the enhancement of sulfuric acid hydrolysis process of rice straw was studied under microwave irradiation, and the reducing sugar was determined. The influences of ionic liquid volume, sulfuric acid concentration, microwave irradiation time, reaction temperature on yield of reducing sugar with acid hydrolysis of straw pole were mainly tested. Besides, by means of orthogonal experiment, the conditions for sulfuric acid hydrolysis of rice straw under microwaves irradiation were optimized. The results indicate that the best condition of acid hydrolysis of straw pole into reducing sugar in microwave irradiating is ［Bmim］Cl 10.0 ml, H₂SO₄ 10.0%, reactive temperature 85℃, reactive time 60 min, and the yield ratio of reducing sugar could reach 23.22% under the best condition, but the yield ratio of reducing sugar of the conventional acid hydrolysis is only 18.74%. Moreover, the hydrolysis residue and rice materials were characterized using the microscope and infrared spectra, the results show that the hydrolysis residue is thin and has the same structure as straw raw materials and both keep a good structure of cellulose.

Controlling the size and morphology of TiO₂ within micron-size, could help to carry out the idea that TiO₂ photocatalyst can be easily recycled with remarkable photocatalystic property. Micron-size titanium dioxide(TiO₂) flaky crystal was synthesized by means of a simple template-free hydrothermal method using rutile TiO₂ as raw material. Then the morphology and crystalline structure of the obtained samples were characterized by using scanning electron microscope(SEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and N₂ adsorption / desorption methods. TiO₂ flaky crystal showed a length of 60—80 μm, width of about 30—60 μm and thickness of 4—9 μm. The XRD peaks attributed to H₂Ti₄O₉·H₂O after hydrothermal reaction, while turned to bi-phase TiO₂ by calcination. The BET surface areas and pore sizes are 68 m²·g^-1, 244 m²·g^-1 and 21.6 nm, 10.4 nm with or without calcined, respectively. The formation mechanism of TiO₂ flaky crystal was also speculated based on the experimental results. The photocatalytic performance of the calcined samples was tested in the degradation of the methyl orange(MO), under UV light irradiation. For comparison, Degussa P25 powder was used as a reference catalyst. The calcination temperature obviously influenced the UV light photocatalytic activity of the TiO₂ samples. In particular, the flake-like bi-phase TiO₂ obtained by calcination treatment at 450℃ exhibits the highest photodegradation efficiency of MO. Results indicated that exposing the solution of MO with the catalyst for 30 min, a decomposition degree 92.4% was obtained, and after 60 min the dye was almost totally decomposed. The TiO₂ flaky crystal presented here performed as practical photocatalysts for water purification, as it can be easily recycled in the shape of the large grain size.

The effectiveness of electrochemical regeneration of active carbon fiber (ACF) loaded with SCN^-, was assessed by adsorption capacity of regenerated ACF achieved in the re-adsorption experiment. The influences of regeneration parameters such as regeneration time, adsorbate concentration and regeneration circle times were investigated. Adsorption capacity of regenerated ACF could reach 3 times of fresh ACF, under the optimum conditions 0.8 mA in 0.5 mol·L^-1 H₂SO₄ solution for 2 h. No significant declination of ACF adsorption capacity was observed after five-times continuous adsorption-regeneration cycles, and no significant damage occurred on the surface of ACF after regeneration.

The silica materials which were composed of ionic liquids and di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (HDEHP) for Ce(Ⅲ) extraction were prepared via a sol-gel method. The hydrophobic ionic liquid 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (［C₈ mim］PF₆) was used as solvent medium. Ionic liquid was stably doped into the silica gel matrix providing a diffusion medium for HDEHP. The extraction of Ce(Ⅲ) was mainly due to the complexation of metal ions with HDEHP doped in the solid silica. In this study, composite materials were characterized by using SEM and FTIR to determine the surface topography and chemical constituents. Then, sorption behavior of Ce(Ⅲ) on composite materials was studied under ambient conditions by using a batch technique. Different composite materials and effect of shaking time on Ce(Ⅲ) sorption were also investigated. The results indicate that composite materials have higher removal efficiencies and excellent stability for metal ions extraction. The solid-liquid extraction by silica materials could be regarded as an effective method for metal ions extraction.

Heating, ventilation, air-conditioning, and refrigeration (HVAC&R) systems operating under faulty condition often result in extra energy consumption (up to 30% for commercial buildings) and cost, less comfort control and bad indoor/outdoor air quality, especially when multiple faults happened simultaneously. Because of the diversity of individual faults in reality and the possible synergistic effect, detection and diagnosis of multiple-simultaneous faults (MSF) is one of the puzzles encountered by fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) experts. This study presents a novel hybrid strategy that combines support vector machine (SVM) and multi-label (ML) technique for the automated detection and diagnosis of multiple-simultaneous faults (MSF), and elaborates its application to a building chiller. One of the great advantages ML has against the mono-label (mL) technique is that no MSF data are needed for model training while good FDD performance for MSF could be obtained. Two individual chiller faults and one of their combinations (an MSF) were investigated. Detailed studies on the use of 8 fault indicative features from the previous study and the training of the model with/without normal or/and MSF data were conducted and compared with the mL-SVM model. The results showed that the ML-SVM model performed well, even without MSF samples for model training, and it could still detect and diagnose MSF effectively with a correct rate (CR) as high as 99. 902%. The performance of the detection and identification of MSF was even better than that trained with MSF data. That demonstrated a promising effort in searching for the solution to the MSF puzzle.

 To investigate the stability of graphite felt (GF) for all-vanadium redox flow battery(VRB), the electrochemical performance, mass change and morphology of GF were studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV), mass analysis, SEM, and charge-discharge test. The results showed that the GF was oxidized and absorbed the electrolyte as result in causing mass reduction, while the electrochemical performance of the GF basically kept stable. The Coulomb efficiency and energy efficiency respectively were about 96% and 80%.

During the process of reconstruction and enlargement of petrochemical unit and crude oil degradation inland, the unscheduled shutdown of oil processing enterprises caused by flow-induced corrosion occurred universally, which affected enterprise production, surrounding environment and public safety seriously. In view of the frequently failure for the outlet elbow piping system of REAC, the mechanism of pipeline erosion destroy which dues to corrosion and multiphase flow interaction was studied. The model elbow pipe was designed and the experimental parameters were determined based on ascertained similarity criterion and obtained characteristic data. Moreover, the simulated erosion experiments were performed on the self-designed loop test apparatus for multiphase flow erosion-corrosion, and the erosion critical characteristic parameters of model elbow pipe were obtained by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation on the process of corrosion. The simulated erosion test and the result of model elbow pipe simulation show that the erosion critical velocity of model origin is 7.93 m·s^-1, and the maximum shear stress of model elbow is 2.21 Pa, which tend to agree to the position of maximum water phase. Furthermore, the mathematical equation that reflects the relationship between the critical characteristic of prototype model and that of test model were established by dimensional analysis method. The correction coefficient of similarity theory was therefore solved, and the erosion critical characteristics of real case were corrected and acquired. The reliability and accuracy of the tests on erosion critical characteristics and the results of amendments were verified by the thickness measurement data, and the critical shear stress that cased erosion-corrosion was about 1.79 Pa. The erosion tests and analysis methods were innovative, which provided scientific theories and experimental methods for the multiphase flow erosion prediction of various pressure pipe related to different industries.

 Molecular weight is one of the essential parameters which can characterize the polymer features. It plays an important role in the performances of membrane electrode assembly (MEA). Poly(2,5-benzimidazole) (ABPBI) is the simplest type of the benzimidazole polymer. It can be prepared easily by a single monomer, and the —N groups combining with acid by the hydrogen bond. It possesses high proton conductivity. In this work, different molecular weight ABPBIs were synthesized, and the ABPBIs were used to fabricate MEAs. The performances of the MEAs were studied by polarization curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The results showed when ABPBI was the least molecular weight, MEA had the best performance. Moreover, the resistances of MEA were decreased as the current density was increased.

1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate（BMIMBF₄）was used as the additive in anode electrolyte for vanadium redox flow battery（VRB）. Its electrochemical performance and stability were investigated by cyclic voltammetry（CV），electrochemical impedance spectrum（EIS），charge-discharge measurement and examination of stabilization. The results indicated that the electrochemical activity and stability of the anode electrolyte were improved by adding BMIMBF₄. The electric capacity of unit volume and the energy efficiency were also increased.

Catholyte stability of VRB was studied by adding additives in the negative vanadium sulfate solution. The V（Ⅲ）sulfate solutions properties with 1% oxalic acid，ammonium oxalate，ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid，glucose，D-fructose and α-lactose were investigated by using cyclic voltammetry and AC impedance. The experimental results showed that the solubility and stability of V（Ⅲ）solution were improved. The solution containing a small amount of carboxylic acids was better than that containing hydroxyl compounds. The charge-discharge performance of the VRB（1.8 mol·L^-1 V³⁺ sulfate solution with 1% oxalic acid as catholyte and 2 mol·L^-1 VOSO₄-H₂SO₄ solution as anolyte）had the higher unit volume capacity.

In this study，a typical room temperature ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimi dazolium hexafluorophosphate［bmim］［PF₆］was used as an alternative solvent to determine benzene series in indoor air with headspace gas chromatography mass spectrometry based on its characteristics of lower vapor pressure，higher ionic strength and better solubility. In addition，it was also used to enrich the volatile organic compounds. The best analytical conditions was established in this method. It indicates that ionic liquid is possible to be as the enrichment materials of benzene series in the study.

A novel method for the rapid determination of high concentration benzene indoor air using ionic liquid-based ultraviolet spectrophotometry（UV）has been developed. The effects of different extraction conditions(such as ionic liquids support，ionic liquids volume，enrichment time，extraction temperature，extraction time and so on)on extraction efficiency are investigated. The optimal conditions are as follows：absorbent cotton for carrier，enrichment time 1 h，extraction temperature 20℃，extraction time 10 min，extraction volume of ［BMIm］NTf₂ 30μl. The results show better enrichmennt effects for high concentration benzene vapor when using ultraviolet spectrophotometry for detection. This method is simple，fast，convenient and easy for detection. Besides，the cost is quite low. Satisfactory results can be obtained for high concentration benzene determination.

A novel fluorinated poly（aryl ether oxadiazole）s ionomer with quaternary imidazole groups were synthesized via copolymerization of 3，3′，5，5′-tetramethy biphenyl diphenol（TM-BP），2，5-bis（2，3，4，5，6-pentafluorophenyl）-1，3，4-oxadiazole（FPOx）and 6F-BPA，bromination of the benzylic methyl，and functionalization with N -methylimidazole. The anion exchange membranes（QFOAEMs）were obtained by solution casting method. The ion exchange capacity（IEC），conductivity，water uptake and swelling ratio of the QFOAEMs were studied. The results showed that the permeability of vanadium ion of QFOAEMs was 1.1×10^-8cm²·min^-1，much less than that of Nafion117 membrane（3.8×10^-7cm²·min^-1）. The QFOAEMs membrane has a potential application for vanadium redox flow battery.

Several task-specific ionic liquids were prepared by 1-vinylimidazole reacted with bromoacetic acid，3-bromopropionic acid，5-bromovaleric acid and 6-bromohexanoic acid，respectively. Their structures were characterized by ¹H NMR and their Bronsted acidities were studied by IR spectra using pyridine as the spectroscopic probe. The results demonstrated that the 1-vinyl-3-acetoxyimidazolium bromide had the strongest acidity among the studied task-specific ionic liquids，the introduction of imidazolium to carboxylic acid can strengthen the acidity of corresponding carboxylic acid because of the electron-withdrawing effects of imidazolium，each task-specific ionic liquid was able to be polymerized with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate to form a white polymer which was characterized by scanning electron microscope.

The homogeneous esterification of cellulose was conducted without any catalysts under mild conditions in an ionic liquid，1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride（［Bmim］Cl），using chloroacetyl chloride as esterifying agent. The influence of reaction temperature，reaction time and the amount of esterifying agent on degree of esterification were investigated. The modified cellulose was characterized by IR and NMR，and the solubility of the product in solutions was also investigated. It was found that the DS of the modified cellulose could be 1.36 under the conditions as follows：the molar ratio of cellulose anhydroglucose unit to chloroacetyl chloride was 1∶3，the reaction time was 2 h，and the reaction could be carried out at room temperature. Moreover，the modified cellulose could easily solute in some organic solutions，such as acetone，dimethyl sulfoxide and tetrahydrofuran..

A novel crown ether functionalized ionic liquid 1-allyl-3-（6′-oxo-benzo-15-crown-5 hexyl）imidazolium bis（trifluoromethanesulfonyl）imide （［A（benzo15C5）HIM］［（CF₃SO₂）₂N］was synthesized by Williamson reaction,Friedel-Crafts acylation of benzene reaction etc，its structures were characterized by IR，¹H NMR,and the behavior of BPA in which MWCNTs-IL modified glassy carbon electrode was detected.

Ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride BmimCl as an assistant agent was applied in degumming and dyeing of silk. The effects of ionic liquid on the degumming rate，degree of whiteness and dyeing performances of silk were investigated. The obtained results indicated that degree of whiteness of silk was obviously enhanced under acidic condition with ionic liquid as assistant agent. The degumming rate was about 21% and degree of whiteness was more than 80 when the volume concentration of ionic liquid was 5%，pH value was 2 and bath ratio was 1∶50 at 98℃ for 1 h. After degumming with ionic liquid the silk was dyed and the dyeing performances were determined. The colour depth（K/S value）was enhanced to 21，dye-uptake was 84%，dry crockfastness was 5，wet crockfastness was 4 and soaping fastness was 5. The obtained dyeing performances of degumming silk with ionic liquid were supper than that of the conventional degumming silk.

The ionic liquid was synthesized by mixing N-EMIM, bromoethane and AlCl₃ using common refuxing method as well as microwave method, and the yield of ［EMIM］Br was researched. The structure of ［EMIM］Br was computed by quantum chemistry method to confirm the mechanism of sythetic reaction. The structure of ［EMIM］Br-AlCl₃ was confirmed by UV and IR. The density and conductivity was tested as well. The results showed that the yield of ［EMIM］Br was 87.9% by the method of common refluxing 5 h at 70℃, and the yield of microwave method can be achieved 94.2% with 1000 s reaction time. At 40℃, the density was 1.46 g·cm^-3, and the conductivity was 21 S·m^-1. DFT B3LYP quantum chemical method showed the reaction mechanism, which followed SN2 reaction mechanism.

The photochromic of nano-TiO₂ with different crystals and the hydrous TiO₂ in the glycerol environment were systematic studied in this paper. Experimental results showed that，amorphous TiO₂（hydrous TiO₂）has the most obvious discoloration，while rutile nano-TiO₂ has no obvious coloration，the degree of discoloration of anatase nano-TiO₂ is between rutile and amorphous，the mixed crystals（rutile and anatase）nano-TiO₂ is weaker than anatase but stronger than rutile. The samples were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）and UV-visible（UV-vis），and the results indicated that the Ti³⁺ existed in the colored sample and the visible absorption spectrum of samples were significantly different before and after colored. The double-injection mechanism and the small polaron model were used to describe the photochromic mechanism of TiO₂. The electron-hole recombination rate effected on the Ti³⁺ formation and the effects of glycerin for TiO₂ photochromic phenomenon were investigated in this paper. The formation rate of Ti³⁺ decreased with the increasing of the electron-hole recombination rate，which leaded to the weakening of the color. The glycerin could promote the photochromic of TiO₂..