不同工况下汽油蒸气爆炸着火延迟与机理分析

doi:10.11949/j.issn.0438-1157.20180854

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用激波管，对常压下温度1200~1600 K、体积分数1.0%~2.4%范围内的92号汽油-空气混合气的着火延迟特性进行了实验研究，以探索低压初始环境中油气爆炸的着火延迟规律。分析了着火延迟时间随点火温度和油气浓度的变化规律；得到了不同浓度下汽油着火延迟时间的计算公式；根据实验结果对比分析了七种机理模型的优劣；结合机理中主要组分的产生、消耗速率变化，剖析了浓度影响着火延迟的原因。结果表明，汽油着火延迟时间与点火温度的倒数呈良好的指数关系；同一高温下，浓度越大，油气着火延迟时间越长，原因是高油气浓度下烃分子与H的反应更强，从而抑制H与O₂的反应；在验证的七种机理中，Abhijeet Raj机理在低压下对各油气浓度的着火延迟时间计算精度较高，适宜应用到油气爆炸模拟中。研究为汽油燃烧动力学机理的验证、优化与应用提供了较为准确的数据基础。

关键词: 激波管, 汽油, 着火延迟时间, 不同工况, 机理分析

Abstract:

Ignition characteristics for RON92 gasoline/air were measured in a shock tube at temperatures ranging from 1200 to 1600 K at atmospheric pressure for the first time. Combustion of the mixture with different oil gas concentrations (CH%=1.0%,1.4%,1.65%,2.0%,2.4%, by volume) was investigated. The experiments were conducted to explore the ignition law of oil gas explosion. Based on experimental data, the variation of ignition delay time with temperature and concentration were analysed. The formula of ignition delay time with temperature under each concentration was fitted. In addition, seven reaction mechanism models were adopted to calculate ignition delay time and comparison was made with experimental results. According to the rate of production(ROP) of some main species simulated by the best model, the influence of concentration on ignition delay was researched. The present study shows that the ignition delay time of gasoline is in good exponential relation with the reciprocal of ignition temperature. And larger concentration leads to longer delay time at the same temperature, because larger oil gas concentration tends to promote the reaction between hydrocarbon molecules and H, which inhibits the reaction between H and O₂ as a result. Among the seven validated mechanisms, Abhijeet Raj mechanism exhibits high accuracy in predicting gasoline ignition delay time over a wide range of concentration at low pressure, making it suitable for oil gas explosion simulation. This work should provide experimental data set for validation and refinement of gasoline combustion mechanism and contribute to a method for identifying application conditions of reaction mechanism.

Key words: shock tube, gasoline, ignition delay time, different conditions, kinetic analysis

中图分类号:

徐建楠, 蒋新生, 张昌华, 王易君, 张德翔, 谢威. 不同工况下汽油蒸气爆炸着火延迟与机理分析[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(1): 398-407.

Jiannan XU, Xinsheng JIANG, Changhua ZHANG, Yijun WANG, Dexiang ZHANG, Wei XIE. Ignition delay measurements and analysis of kinetic mechanisms for gasoline-air explosion under different conditions[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(1): 398-407.

图/表 13

图1 激波管实验系统

Fig.1 Experiment setup of shock tube

图2 压力与OH基信号曲线

Fig.2 Signal curves of pressure and OH emission

表1 着火延迟时间实验数据

Table 1 Experiment data of ignition delay time

CH%	T/K	τ/μs	CH%	T/K	τ/μs	CH%	T/K	τ/μs	CH%	T/K	τ/μs	CH%	T/K	τ/μs
1.0%	1241	1054	1.4%	1262	1001	1.65%	1218	1553	2.0%	1252	1141	2.4%	1234	1451
	1274	683		1303	457		1283	734		1283	726		1271	956
	1348	219		1319	440		1284	649		1304	573		1301	655
	1323	325		1332	313		1296	608		1320	374		1339	404
	1375	163		1372	195		1318	430		1356	243		1365	282
	1417	82		1445	83		1371	185		1422	138		1377	215
	1444	67					1445	104		1439	96		1459	103

图3 常压下五种汽油浓度的混合气着火延迟时间

Fig.3 Ignition delay time for gasoline-air mixture (CH%=1.0%, 1.4%, 1.65%, 2.0%, 2.4%) under atmospheric pressure

表2 不同工况下汽油蒸气着火延迟时间的比较

Table 2 Comparison of ignition delay time of gasoline vapor under different conditions/μs

Temperature/K	Concentration/%(vol)
Temperature/K	2.4	2.0	1.65	1.4	1.0
1250	1227	1139	1043	1126	611
1330	428	373	362	346	188
1450	110	88	92	75	41

表3 采用的反应机理与替代燃料

Reaction mechanism	Number of species	Number of reactants	Ref.	Surrogate fuel
mech 1	339	2791	[35]	surrogate B
mech 2	226	2121	[36]	surrogate A
mech 3	109	543	[37]	surrogate A
mech 4	323	1489	[38]	surrogate A
mech 5	199	1011	[39]	surrogate A
mech 6	56	168	[40]	surrogate A
mech 7	1121	4961	[18]	surrogate A

表4 92号汽油及其替代燃料的物化性质

Table 4 Physical and chemical properties of 92# gasoline and its surrogate fuels

Item	RON92 gasoline	surrogate A(TRF)	surrogate B(PRF)
RON	92	92	92
MON	86	87	92
H/C	1.87	1.97	2.25
density/(g/ml)	0.746	0.731	0.689
low heat value/(MJ/kg)	43.61	43.66	44.67

图4 实验与数值计算的汽油着火延迟时间对比

Fig.4 Comparison of experimental and calculated ignition delay times of gasoline

表5 实验与机理计算结果的偏差对比

Table 5 Comparison of error between experimental and simulated results

	1200 K		1400 K		1600 K
	Simulation/μs	Error/%	Simulation/μs	Error/%	Simulation/μs	Error/%
mech 1	3896	53	465	237	63	305
mech 2	2490	2	161	17	21	36
mech 3	3489	37	469	241	73	371
mech 4	5646	121	623	352	76	394
mech 5	4885	92	653	374	82	430
mech 6	2078	18	289	110	59	280
mech 7	3016	18	321	133	43	180
experiment /μs	2549		138		15

图5 不同浓度油气着火延迟时间实验结果与机理模拟结果

Fig.5 Experimental and calculated ignition delay time at CH%=1.0%,1.65%,2.4%

图6 主要基元反应中TRF组分的产生或消耗速率

Fig.6 Rate of production of TRF species in main kinetic reactions

图7 主要基元反应中H和OH的产生或消耗速率

Fig.7 Rate of production of H and OH in main kinetic reactions

图8 温度敏感性分析

Fig.8 Temperature sensitivity analysis

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