CIESC Journal

• 化工学报 • 上一篇    下一篇

工业区大气中低浓度二氧化硫在高湿度时光化学反应速率及其对视距影响

李盘生   

  1. 华东化工学院
  • 出版日期:1957-12-25 发布日期:1957-12-25

RATE OF PHOTOCHEMICAL OXIDATION OF SULFUR DIOXIDE IN INDUSTRIAL ATMOSPHERE AND ITS EFFECT ON VISIBILITY AT HIGH RELATIVE HUMIDITIES

Li PANG-SHENG   

  • Online:1957-12-25 Published:1957-12-25

摘要: 工业区大气中常含微量二氧化硫及各种杂质。天晴时可能形成烟雾,分散光线,减缩视距,本研究即系确定其影响。 实验时以经过特种过滤器所得纯粹空气与二氧化硫在不同湿度下混合,贮於Lucite容器(7.94升),用RS日光灯自顶部相继透过红外线过滤器及Plexiglas IA照耀达1至2小时。光切断后作用即中断。所得硫酸气溶胶质点大小作对数一概率分布。然后将硫酸气溶胶在声速下抽经喷射撞击器,利用气溶胶质点惰性作用,收集微量硫酸。撞击器中有百里香蓝处理过的胶片。藉可见光线透过胶片的强度,可以分析硫酸气溶胶的数量,最低可测至0.01微克硫酸。 实验结果显示二氧化硫在高湿度(98%相对湿度)时所得光化学反应速率与低湿度时相同。这表示化学反应主要为气相反应,在液相中反应速率相对而言是很低的。二氧化氮,氯化钠核及五氧化二钒为工业区大气中常存在的杂质,经引入后,并未发生触媒作用。世界上若干工业区大气中二氧化硫在所研究情况下约需300小时中午日光照耀,可将视距减至1公里。

Abstract: Minute amount of sulfur dioxide and impurities are always present in the air of industrial area. Under sunlight, smog is formed, scattering light and reducing visibility. This article is to ascertain the effect of rate of photochemical oxidation of sulfur dioxide in air at high relative humidities. During experiment, pure air from a special kind of filter was mixed with sulfur dioxide and stored in a Lucite reactor (7.94 liters), with RS sunlamp shining successively through an infra-red filter and Plexiglas IA on the top of the reactor for 1 to 2 hours. The size of sulfuric acid aerosol particles thus formed was in logarithmic-probability distribution. The particles were impacted at high velocity upon the photographic film which was impregnated with thymol blue indicator after having had its silver salts removed. The amount of sulfuric acid formed during the reaction was determined from measuring the intensity of light passing through the red spot on the film. The experimental results showed that at high relative humidities, the reaction rates were essentially the same as those at low humidities. This indicated that the reaction was chiefly gas-phase, with relatively very small amount of reaction in the liquid phase. Nitrogen dioxide, sodium chloride nuclei and vanadium pentoxide, the impurities usually present in the air of industrial area, showed no effect toward reaction rate. About 300 hours of intense sunlight would be needed to reduce visibility to 1 kilometer by oxidation of the sulfur dioxide to be expected in naturally occurring polluted atmosphere,