CIESC Journal

• 化工学报 • 上一篇    下一篇

液体沸腾的给热系数

林纪方,杨友麒,孔繁果   

  1. 大连工学院 ,大连工学院 ,大连工学院
  • 出版日期:1958-12-25 发布日期:1958-12-25

THE HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENTS OF BOILING LIQUIDS

LIN CHI-FANG YANG YU-CHE KOON FAN-UON (Dairen Institute of Technology)   

  • Online:1958-12-25 Published:1958-12-25

摘要: 关於液体沸腾给热系数的准数方程式,前人虽提出不少,但都不够完善,特别是各种盐溶液或多组份的液体混合物,其沸腾给热机理尚待研究。前人实验结果往往相差很大,甚至结论有互相矛盾的地方。 本文采用的研究设备是大容积内水平元管及水平元钣的加热装置。传热表面的材料有黄铜,紫铜,不锈钢,镀镍,镀铬表面等种,以比较不同传热面的影响。对同一材料的传热,又比较了清净表面,老化表面,和有污垢表面的影响。水平元管及水平元钣均用电热,元管的热负荷为1300~40000千卡/米~2·小时,元钣的热负荷范围为20000~900000千卡/米~2·小时。所用物料是清水,5~20%的食盐溶液。研究的结果是: (1)在低热负荷下,加热表面材料不同对沸腾给热是有影响的,主要是由於不同材料对液体的湿润能力不同,接触角大小不同的缘故。但这种影响只是数量上的,对沸腾机理并无影响,也即在下列关系中: a=c·q~n, (1)c值对各种表面来讲是不同的,但n仍然是一样的。 其中以黄铜的a为最高,镀铬的表面为最低。在高热负荷下,加热表面对a无显著的影响。 (2)对同一材料来讲,清净新鲜的表面a最大,老化的次之,有污垢的a最小,而且斜率也不同於前二者。 (3)加热面几何形状相同时,尺寸大小对a的影响在普通生产情

Abstract: In this paper, we have investigated the influences of heating surfaces, using copper, brass, stainless steel, nickel-plated, and chromium-plated heating suffaces. We found that, brass surface gave the highest a, while chromium-plated surface the lowest. This can be explained by the fact that the contact angle between liquids and metallic surfaces are different. The influences of heating surfaces are important only when the heat flow is comparatively low, such as q≤40000 kcal/m2.hr; while for higher heat flow, such as q≤1.5×105 kcal/m2.hr, the influences of heating .surfaces are not apparent. With heating surfaces of the same material, we found that aged surfaces gave lower ?than fresh surfaces, but the slopes of a - f(q) relationship are the same. For scaled surfaces, ?is not only lower than both fresh and aged surfaces, the slope of a = f(q) is also flater; this is due to the heat resistence offered by the deposited scale. For heating surfaces of the same geometrical form, the dimension is not essential for ordinary cases, but for experimental apparatus of extremely small sizes, such as single heating wires of diameter less than 0.4 mm, or small circular plate of diameter less than 10 mm, the influences of dimension are not negligible. Finally, we have investigated the heat transfer coefficient of boiling solutions (5% - 20% NaCl solutions) The result is that for dilute solutions, the decreasing rate of a is rather high, while for concentrated solutions, the decreasing rate of ?is not so apparent. When correlated with dimensionless groups, we found that the equation suggested by P. H. KPY>KHJIHH may be used for calculations of salt solutions, but the following corrected form is found to be more satisfactory, with error not greater than±7%, The experiments were carried out with boiling liquids outside horizontal tubes (of diameters 25 - 60 mm) and above horizontal circular plates (of diameters 10 and 15 mm). The heat flow range of horizontal tubes is 1300-40000 kcal/m2. hr, while that of the horizontal plates is 20,000-900,000 kcal/ m2.hr.