Abstract: When compared to their chemical counterparts, the peculiar properties of biocatalysts, such as high selectivity, reaction under mild conditions and environmental benefit, have made biocatalysis a broad and growing field of biotechnology. It is often constrained by some obstacles, such as limited substrate accessibility to biocatalysts because of the low aqueous solubility of most organics, inhibition or toxicity of both substrate and product affecting the biocatalysts,and further degradation of products. Biocatalysis in nonaqueous solvent and in situ product removal are powerful tools to overcome these limits. The development of these techniques is reviewed. The microbial transformation of sterol in the cloud point system, a novel two-phase partitioning bioreactor developed recently by the authors,as an example of highly integrated process of biocatalysis in nonaqueous solvent and in situ product removal techniques is introduced.Based on the discussion of nonaqueous biocatalysis industry involving the characteristics of integrated process and multidisciplinary, nature of the development of nonaqueous biocatalysis industry is recommended.