关键词: water minimization;water utilization network;targeting method;concentration interval table

Abstract: A strategy for water and wastewater minimization is developed for continuous water
utilization systems involving fixed flowrate (non-mass-transfer-based) operations, based on
the fictitious operations that is introduced to represent the water losing and/or
generating operations and a modified concentration interval analysis (MCIA) technique. This
strategy is a simple, nongraphical, and noniterative procedure and is suitable for the
quick yields of targets and the identification of pinch point location. Moreover, on the
basis of the target method, a heuristic-based approach is also presented to generate water
utilization networks, which could be demonstrated to be optimum ones. The proposed
approaches are illustrated with example problems.

Key words: water minimization, water utilization network, targeting method, concentration interval table