Abstract: Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (Anammox) is a new and promising biological nitrogen removal technology. It is a burning issue due to its high-rate and cost-effectiveness for nitrogen removal from wastewater. However，Anammox bacteria presents a very long doubling time and low cellular yield，and is susceptible to environmental conditions. Therefore，it is necessary to take careful methods to cultivate Anammox biomass. Based on the characteristics of the Anammox enrichment and the seeding sludge sources，the enrichment techniques are introduced and discussed in this paper. It is proposed that the enrichment course of Anammox culture can be accelerated with useful controlling and enhancing strategies.