离子液体法再生纤维素纤维制造技术及发展趋势

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20190621

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

首先概述了再生纤维素纤维制造技术的发展历史，总结了以天然纤维素为原料的黏胶纤维、Lyocell纤维和离子液体纤维（Ioncell）及其技术发展现状。重点介绍了这三种再生纤维素纤维的性能、应用领域及市场前景，并比较了其生产工艺，包括纺丝原液的制备、纺丝工艺、溶剂回收等。与黏胶纤维相比，Lyocell 纤维和Ioncell纤维在溶解纤维素及干喷湿纺纺丝方面具有独特的优势。进一步对该类技术的重点和难点，如纺丝原液的连续制备和溶剂的高效回收进行了分析。与Lyocell纤维使用的NMMO溶剂相比，Ioncell纤维使用的离子液体具有离子液体可设计等优点，可根据纤维素原料的不同来源，设计合成对纤维素具有更好的溶解能力而无降解特征且环境友好的离子液体溶剂，同时对温度、金属离子具有很好的稳定性，为发展新一代纤维素绿色制造技术提供了新途径。另外，对Ioncell纤维存在的问题也进行了详细的分析，提出了未来拟开展的重点研究方向和拟解决的关键难题。

关键词: 再生纤维素纤维, Lyocell纤维, 离子液体纤维, 绿色纺丝, 溶剂回收

Abstract:

Based on the history of cellulose fiber development, the progress of three kinds of fibers, i.e. viscous fiber, Lyocell fiber and ionic liquid fiber (Ioncell) with natural cellulose as raw materials are summarized. Firstly, the development history of regenerated cellulose fiber manufacturing technology is summarized, and the development status of viscose fiber, Lyocell fiber and ionic liquid fiber (Ioncell) with natural cellulose as raw material is summarized. In this work, the performance, application field, and market prospect are mainly introduced, and their technologies including spinning technology, the preparation of spinning solution, and the methods of solvent recovery are compared. In comparison with viscous fiber, both the dissolution of cellulose and the dry-jet wet spinning for the other two fibers show unique advantages. But their key points lie in the continuous preparation of spinning solution and efficient recovery of solvent. Compared to the NMMO solvent used by Lyocell fiber, ionic liquids (ILs) used by Ioncell fiber have the advantages of negligible volatility and properties tunable. Therefore, this kind of ILs with high solubility but without degradation ability of cellulose, high thermal stability to water and metal ions, and little environmental impact can be designed, which provide a new approach for the development of green spinning technology. In addition, the existing problems of Ioncell fiber are analyzed, and some research direction for the two kinds of fibers produced by solvent method are pointed out.

Key words: cellulose fibers, Lyocell fiber, ionic liquid fiber, green spinning, solvent recovery

中图分类号:

TQ 028.8

王均凤, 聂毅, 王斌琦, 康召青, 周乐, 潘凤娇, 张香平. 离子液体法再生纤维素纤维制造技术及发展趋势[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(10): 3836-3846.

Junfeng WANG, Yi NIE, Binqi WANG, Zhaoqing KANG, Le ZHOU, Fengjiao PAN, Xiangping ZHANG. Manufacturing technology and development direction on regenerated cellulose fibers using ionic liquids[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(10): 3836-3846.

图/表 12

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纤维材料	再生纤维类型	溶剂	DP	纤维素含量/%(mass)	溶解温度/℃	喷头直径/μm	空隙/mm	拉伸比	断裂强度/ (cN/dtex)	伸长率/%
山毛榉^[36]	Ioncell	[Amim]Cl	1180	12.5	75	100	—	10.5	3.22	8.4
桉树^[36]	Ioncell	[Amim]Cl	815	10	100	100	—	8.6	2.68	10.8
桉树^[36]	Ioncell	[Amim]Cl	790	11	70	100	—	6.2	4.16	12.2
桉树^[36]	Ioncell	[Bmim]Ac	486	13.2	90	90	60	7.3	4.41	15.5
桉树^[36]	Ioncell	[Bmim]Cl	514	13.6	116	100	80	10.6	5.34	13.1
桉树^[36]	Ioncell	[Bmim]Cl	486	13.2	90	90	60	7.3	4.41	15.5
棉^[36]	Ioncell	[Bmim]Cl	514	5	90	150	80	5	4.21	6.2
桉树^[36]	Ioncell	[Emim]Ac	592	10	20	90	10	2.3	2.46	3.8
桉树^[36]	Ioncell	[Emim]Ac	515	19.6	99	90	40	10.3	4.56	11.2
竹子^[36]	Ioncell	[Emim]Ac	1120	8	85	145	50	3.5	3.2	7.8
竹茎^[37]	Ioncell	[Emim]Ac	—	5	175	210	—	—	1.05	9.45
桉树^[36]	Ioncell	[Eimm]Cl	493	15.8	99	90	55	7.9	5.31	12.9
桉树^[36]	Ioncell	[Emim]Dep	592	10	60	90	10	1.9	2.64	6
桉树^[38]	Ioncell	[DBNH]Ac	1489	13	70	100	10	7.5	3.85	—
桉树^[38]	Ioncell	[TMGH]Ac	1489	13	80	100	10	2.9	1.09	—
棉短绒^[39]	Lyocell	DMSO	1600	6～8	110	150	20	—	3.7～5.4	1.9～6.6
纤维素^{[40,41,42,43]}	黏胶纤维	NaOH/CS₂	235～300	—	—	—	—	—	1.8～2.5	18～23

纤维材料	再生纤维类型	溶剂	DP	纤维素含量/%(mass)	溶解温度/℃	喷头直径/μm	空隙/mm	拉伸比	断裂强度/ (cN/dtex)	伸长率/%
山毛榉^[36]	Ioncell	[Amim]Cl	1180	12.5	75	100	—	10.5	3.22	8.4
桉树^[36]	Ioncell	[Amim]Cl	815	10	100	100	—	8.6	2.68	10.8
桉树^[36]	Ioncell	[Amim]Cl	790	11	70	100	—	6.2	4.16	12.2
桉树^[36]	Ioncell	[Bmim]Ac	486	13.2	90	90	60	7.3	4.41	15.5
桉树^[36]	Ioncell	[Bmim]Cl	514	13.6	116	100	80	10.6	5.34	13.1
桉树^[36]	Ioncell	[Bmim]Cl	486	13.2	90	90	60	7.3	4.41	15.5
棉^[36]	Ioncell	[Bmim]Cl	514	5	90	150	80	5	4.21	6.2
桉树^[36]	Ioncell	[Emim]Ac	592	10	20	90	10	2.3	2.46	3.8
桉树^[36]	Ioncell	[Emim]Ac	515	19.6	99	90	40	10.3	4.56	11.2
竹子^[36]	Ioncell	[Emim]Ac	1120	8	85	145	50	3.5	3.2	7.8
竹茎^[37]	Ioncell	[Emim]Ac	—	5	175	210	—	—	1.05	9.45
桉树^[36]	Ioncell	[Eimm]Cl	493	15.8	99	90	55	7.9	5.31	12.9
桉树^[36]	Ioncell	[Emim]Dep	592	10	60	90	10	1.9	2.64	6
桉树^[38]	Ioncell	[DBNH]Ac	1489	13	70	100	10	7.5	3.85	—
桉树^[38]	Ioncell	[TMGH]Ac	1489	13	80	100	10	2.9	1.09	—
棉短绒^[39]	Lyocell	DMSO	1600	6～8	110	150	20	—	3.7～5.4	1.9～6.6
纤维素^{[40,41,42,43]}	黏胶纤维	NaOH/CS₂	235～300	—	—	—	—	—	1.8～2.5	18～23

再生纤维素纤维类型	应用领域
Lyocell	主要用于服装、装饰及产业用三大领域
黏胶纤维	服装、民用、轮胎帘子线等
竹纤维	高档服装，家用纺织品等
丽赛纤维	功能化服装等
香蕉纤维	医疗、电子材料、复合材料和模塑材料等

再生纤维素纤维类型	应用领域
Lyocell	主要用于服装、装饰及产业用三大领域
黏胶纤维	服装、民用、轮胎帘子线等
竹纤维	高档服装，家用纺织品等
丽赛纤维	功能化服装等
香蕉纤维	医疗、电子材料、复合材料和模塑材料等

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