油气两相动压密封动态特性的热流固耦合研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20191026

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究了油气两相动压密封的动态特性。在可压缩流体雷诺方程中引入油气两相流体物性，建立油气两相流体的稳态和动态雷诺方程；考虑密封变形对流体膜的影响，采用热流固耦合方法并用有限元法进行求解；分析操作参数(油气比、转速和压差)对油气两相动压密封动态性能的影响。研究结果表明：油气两相流体的黏度较大，使密封具有更大的刚度系数、阻尼系数及更好的动态性能；密封端面变形减小了密封的刚度系数，增大了阻尼系数，且影响程度最大为16.9%和31.2%，对动态性能影响较大。高转速使刚度系数和阻尼系数增加，有利于密封的动态性能；而大压差使刚度系数增大、阻尼系数减小，不利于密封的动态性能；因此油气两相动压密封适用于高转速、低压差的油气润滑工况。

关键词: 油气两相, 动压密封, 热流固耦合, 动态刚度, 动态阻尼

Abstract:

The dynamic characteristics of oil-gas two-phase dynamic pressure seal were studied. The oil-gas two-phase Reynolds equation was established based on the Reynolds equation for compressible fluid, and the physical properties of oil-gas two-phase fluid. The effect of deformation on fluid film was considered, thus the thermal-fluid-solid coupling method was adopted and solved by finite element method. The effects of operating parameters (oil-gas ratio, rotational speed and pressure difference) on the dynamic performance of oil-gas miscible backflow pumping seal were analyzed. The results show that the viscosity of oil-gas miscible fluid is larger, which makes the seal have greater dimensionless stiffness, dimensionless damping and better dynamic characteristics. The deformation of seal ring reduces the dimensionless stiffness and increases the dimensionless damping, and the maximum influence is 16.9% and 31.2%. High speed increases the dimensionless stiffness and dimensionless damping, which is beneficial to the dynamic characteristics of the seal. While large pressure difference increases the dimensionless stiffness and decreases the dimensionless damping, which is not conducive to the dynamic characteristics. Therefore, the oil-gas miscible backflow pumping seal is suitable for oil-gas lubrication with high speed and low pressure difference.

Key words: oil-gas miscible, hydrodynamic seal, thermoelastic distortion, dynamic stiffness, dynamic damping

中图分类号:

TH 117.2

李世聪, 钱才富, 李双喜, 陈炼. 油气两相动压密封动态特性的热流固耦合研究[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(5): 2190-2201.

Shicong LI, Caifu QIAN, Shuangxi LI, Lian CHEN. Study of thermal-fluid-solid coupling on dynamic characteristics of oil-gas miscible backflow pumping seal[J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(5): 2190-2201.

图/表 13

图1 油气两相动压密封示意图

Fig.1 Diagram of oil-gas miscible backflow pumping seal

图2 热流固耦合方法和分析模型

Fig.2 Thermal-fluid-solid coupling method and analysis model

图3 油气两相动压密封动力学模型

Fig.3 Dynamic model of oil-gas miscible backflow pumping seal

表1 油气两相动压密封结构参数

Table 1 Structural parameters of sealing end face

参数	数值	参数	数值
动环端面内径 r_in,R / mm	33.25	O形圈槽外径 r₁ / mm	41.5
动环端面外径 r_out,R / mm	43	静环外径 r₂ / mm	45
静环端面内径 r_in,S / mm	35.5	轴径 r₃ / mm	30
静环端面外径 r_out,S / mm	42	动环尾部外径 r₄ / mm	34
螺旋槽根径 r_g / mm	40	动环尾部倾斜角 σ /(°)	65
螺旋角 α /(°)	15	平衡半径 r_b / mm	36.75
槽深 h_g / μm	5	动环厚度 δ_R/ mm	13
槽堰比 γ	0.5	静环厚度 δ_S / mm	15
槽数 N_g	12	油气比 c	0.1

表3 密封环材料属性

Table 3 Material properties of sealing ring

属性	动环	静环
材料	18Cr2Ni4WA	M234
弹性模量 E / GPa	207	11.3
泊松比 u	0.273	0.27
热导率 λ/(W·m^-1·K^-1)	35.58	140
比热容c_p/(J·kg^-1·K^-1)	499	690
热膨胀系数 α_l /K^-1	12.37×10^-6	5.5×10^-6
密度 ρ/(kg·m^-3)	7910	2400

表2 油气两相动压密封操作参数

Table 2 Operating parameters of sealing end face

参数	数值	参数	数值
轴承腔内压力p_out/MPa	0.151	气体密度 ρ_gas/(kg·m^-3)	1.1774
轴承腔外压力 p_in/MPa	0.101	润滑油密度 ρ_oil/(kg·m^-3)	840
转速 ω / (r·min^-1)	8000	气体黏度 μ_gas/(Pa·s)	1.8462×10^-5
操作温度 T / K	300	润滑油黏度 μ_oil/(Pa·s)	4840×10^-5

图4 密封热流固耦合方法和计算流程

Fig.4 Thermal-fluid-solid coupling method and calculation process

图5 文献计算结果对比验证

Fig.5 Verification of calculated value with literature value

图6 热流固耦合对流体膜性能的影响

Fig.6 Effect of thermal-fluid-solid coupling method on the properties of fluid film

图7 流体膜动态性能参数与扰动频率的关系

Fig.7 Relationship between dynamic parameters of fluid film and disturbance frequencies

图8 油气比对密封流体膜动态性能参数的影响

Fig.8 Relationship between oil-gas ratio and dynamic parameters of fluid film

图9 转速与密封流体膜动态性能参数的关系

Fig.9 Relationship between rotational speed and dynamic parameters of fluid film

图10 压差与密封流体膜动态性能参数的关系

Fig.10 Relationship between differential pressure and dynamic parameters of fluid film

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