钢铁厂原料堆粉尘无组织排放抑制技术进展

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20201681

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

钢铁厂原料堆在风蚀作用、卸料以及取料过程中无组织排放的粉尘严重污染周围空气，危害工人身体健康。阐述了目前钢铁厂原料堆粉尘无组织排放抑制技术及存在的问题，通过原料堆的静态扬尘量以及动态扬尘量的估算公式，表明减小环境的来流风速与原料堆起尘临界风速的差值可有效降低粉尘的无组织排放量；介绍了喷水抑尘、喷抑尘剂抑尘、防风抑尘网抑尘、封闭料场抑尘以及新型生物纳膜抑尘、云雾抑尘技术，对比了这些技术的抑尘机理、抑尘效率、影响因素、技术优缺点，得出使抑尘效果最优的结构参数，提出未来应关注的研究方向。

关键词: 钢铁厂, 原料堆, 粉尘, 无组织排放, 抑尘技术

Abstract:

The fugitive emission of dust seriously affects the surrounding air quality and workers' health in the process of wind erosion, unloading and reclaiming of iron and steel works' raw material piles. This paper described technologies and problems of dust emission control used in raw material piles of iron and steel works. Through the estimation formula of static dust and dynamic dust shown that the fugitive emission of dust can be effectively reduced by decreasing the difference between the ambient wind speed of environment and the critical wind speed of the raw material piles. Introduced watering dust suppression, spraying dust suppressants, windbreak dust suppression, closed stockyard dust suppression and new biological nano-film dust suppression, cloud dust suppression technologies. Compared the aspects of dust suppression mechanism, dust suppression efficiency, influencing factors, technical advantages and disadvantages to obtain the optimal structure parameters of dust suppression effect. Proposed the research direction in the future.

Key words: steel works, raw material piles, dust, fugitive emission, suppression technology

中图分类号:

X 757

吴延鹏, 栾珊珊, 苏伟, 邢奕, 钱付平. 钢铁厂原料堆粉尘无组织排放抑制技术进展[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(S1): 53-62.

WU Yanpeng, LUAN Shanshan, SU Wei, XING Yi, QIAN Fuping. Progress of suppression technology of fugitive emission dust from raw material piles in iron and steel works[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(S1): 53-62.

图/表 8

参考文献 55

1	李崇垓, 袁中新, 任汉杰, 等. 洒水控制对钢铁厂原料堆场逸散扬尘的影响[J]. 中国粉体技术, 2009, 15(2): 78-83, 87.
	Li C G, Yuan Z X, Ren H J, et al. Effects of water spray control on fugitive dusts originated from raw material piles in steel plants [J]. China Powder Science and Technology, 2009, 15(2): 78-83, 87.
2	Zhang G B, Zhou G, Song S Z, et al. CFD investigation on dust dispersion pollution of down/upwind coal cutting and relevant countermeasures for spraying dustfall in fully mechanized mining face [J]. Advanced Powder Technology, 2020, 31(8): 3177-3190.
3	Zhang X H, Wang H F, Chen X, et al. Experimental study on dust suppression at transhipment point based on the theory of induced airflow dust production [J]. Building and Environment, 2019, 160: 106200.
4	de Almeida Leão R X, Silva Amorim L, Ferreira Martins M, et al. A model for velocity streamlines of airborne dust particles spreading caused by free-falling bulk materials [J]. Powder Technology, 2020, 371: 190-194.
5	芦云东. 嘉北料场自动喷水抑尘系统改造[J]. 酒钢科技, 2019, (4): 71-74.
	Lu Y D. Transformation of automatic water spraying dust suppression system in Jiabei stockyard [J]. JISCO Technology, 2019, (4): 71-74.
6	燕开文. 钢铁企业原料场设计的环保要素[J]. 山西冶金, 2010, 33(2): 34-35, 55.
	Yan K W. The environment protecting basic of designing in steel corporation material store field [J]. Shanxi Metallurgy, 2010, 33(2): 34-35, 55.
7	朱明奕, 张余. 钢铁企业原料场粉尘无组织排放控制[J]. 资源节约与环保, 2017(5): 74-75.
	Zhu M Y, Zhang Y. Control of fugitive dust emission in raw material yard of iron and steel enterprises [J]. Resources Economization & Environmental Protection, 2017(5): 74-75.
8	李联康. 水泥行业无组织排放粉尘治理现状研究[J]. 水泥工程, 2019, (5): 77-79.
	Li L K. Research on the status of unorganized emission dust control in cement industry [J]. Cement Engineering, 2019, (5): 77-79.
9	Geng F, Gui C G, Teng H X, et al. Dispersion characteristics of dust pollutant in a typical coal roadway under an auxiliary ventilation system [J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020, 275: 122889.
10	Safavian A, Honarvar B, Aboosadi Z A, et al. Measuring and estimating of fugitive emissions in normal operations (case study Fars Gas Company) [J]. South African Journal of Chemical Engineering, 2020, 34: 107-115.
11	孙威, 黄学敏, 李培. 钢铁企业原料场扬尘污染估算[J]. 环境科学与管理, 2009, 34(9): 178-179.
	Sun W, Huang X M, Li P. The assessment of iron and steel enterprises'raw materials field [J]. Environmental Science and Management, 2009, 34(9): 178-179.
12	郜勇, 王永刚. 挡风抑尘墙治理粉尘污染的应用研究[J]. 山东煤炭科技, 2009, (4): 165, 167.
	Gao Y, Wang Y G. Application of wind proof and dust suppression wall in dust pollution control [J]. Shandong Coal Science and Technology, 2009, (4): 165, 167.
13	Ma Q X, Nie W, Yang S B, et al. Effect of spraying on coal dust diffusion in a coal mine based on a numerical simulation [J]. Environmental Pollution, 2020, 264: 114717.
14	Wu M Y, Hu X M, Zhang Q, et al. Preparation and performance evaluation of environment-friendly biological dust suppressant [J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020, 273: 123162.
15	朱联东, 李海波, 朱旭, 等. 铁合金行业工业粉尘无组织排放问题探讨[J]. 云南冶金, 2009, 38(3): 61-63.
	Zhu L D, Li H B, Zhu X, et al. Discussions on non-stack discharge of industrial dust in the process of ferroalloy production [J]. Yunnan Metallurgy, 2009, 38(3): 61-63.
16	马明星, 荆德吉, 陈曦, 等. 露天煤场不同粒径煤尘扬尘实验研究[J]. 辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版), 2020, 39(1): 12-17.
	Ma M X, Jing D J, Chen X, et al. Experimental study on dust raised from different sizes in open coal yard [J]. Journal of Liaoning Technical University (Natural Science), 2020, 39(1): 12-17.
17	Wang P F, Tan X H, Zhang L Y, et al. Influence of particle diameter on the wettability of coal dust and the dust suppression efficiency via spraying [J]. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 2019, 132: 189-199.
18	Liu Z Q, Nie W, Peng H T, et al. The effects of the spraying pressure and nozzle orifice diameter on the atomizing rules and dust suppression performances of an external spraying system in a fully-mechanized excavation face [J]. Powder Technology, 2019, 350: 62-80.
19	Wang P F, Zhang K, Liu R H. Influence of air supply pressure on atomization characteristics and dust-suppression efficiency of internal-mixing air-assisted atomizing nozzle [J]. Powder Technology, 2019, 355: 393-407.
20	Yu H M, Cheng W M, Peng H T, et al. An investigation of the nozzle's atomization dust suppression rules in a fully-mechanized excavation face based on the airflow-droplet-dust three-phase coupling model [J]. Advanced Powder Technology, 2018, 29(4): 941-956.
21	Seaman C E, Shahan M R, Beck T W, et al. Design of a water curtain to reduce accumulations of float coal dust in longwall returns [J]. International Journal of Mining Science and Technology, 2020, 30(4): 443-447.
22	Shi G Q, Han C, Wang Y M, et al. Experimental study on synergistic wetting of a coal dust with dust suppressant compounded with noncationic surfactants and its mechanism analysis [J]. Powder Technology, 2019, 356: 1077-1086.
23	Wang X N, Yuan S J, Li X, et al. Synergistic effect of surfactant compounding on improving dust suppression in a coal mine in Erdos, China [J]. Powder Technology, 2019, 344: 561-569.
24	王林凯, 郭红霞, 秦建平, 等. 风蚀扬尘抑尘剂制备及其抑尘效果[J]. 环境工程学报, 2020, 14(12): 3460-3467.
	Wang L K, Guo H X, Qin J P, et al. Preparation and dust suppression effect of wind erosion dust suppressant [J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2020, 14(12): 3460-3467.
25	Zhang H H, Nie W, Yan J Y, et al. Preparation and performance study of a novel polymeric spraying dust suppression agent with enhanced wetting and coagulation properties for coal mine [J]. Powder Technology, 2020, 364: 901-914.
26	Preston C A, McKenna Neuman C, Boulton J W. A wind tunnel and field evaluation of various dust suppressants [J]. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association, 2020, 70(9): 915-931.
27	杨树莹, 周磊, 杨林军, 等. 高分子抑尘剂对褐煤矿场细颗粒物的抑制特性[J]. 煤炭学报, 2019, 44(2): 528-535.
	Yang S Y, Zhou L, Yang L J, et al. Inhibition characteristics of polymer suppressant on fine particles in lignite mines [J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2019, 44(2): 528-535.
28	施春红, 金龙哲, 刘结友. 新型防火抑尘剂的应用[J]. 煤炭学报, 2007, 32(6): 608-611.
	Shi C H, Jin L Z, Liu J Y. Application of new fireproofing and dust-depressor [J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2007, 32(6): 608-611.
29	李颖泉, 董波, 蔡觉先, 等. 散堆煤体复合型抑尘剂性能表征及应用研究[J]. 兰州交通大学学报, 2019, 38(5): 105-113.
	Li Y Q, Dong B, Cai J X, et al. Research on performance characterization and application of the composite dust suppressant for pulverized coal [J]. Journal of Lanzhou Jiaotong University, 2019, 38(5): 105-113.
30	Wu M Y, Hu X M, Zhang Q, et al. Study on preparation and properties of environmentally-friendly dust suppressant with semi-interpenetrating network structure [J]. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020, 259: 120870.
31	田武双. 挡风抑尘技术在工业企业原料场节能减排中的应用[J]. 河北省科学院学报, 2008, 25(3): 66-69, 74.
	Tian W S. Application of wind-proof and dust suppressing technology in raw material deposit in industrial enterprises [J]. Journal of the Hebei Academy of Sciences, 2008, 25(3): 66-69, 74.
32	Qiu Y, San B, He H, et al. Surrogate-based aerodynamic optimization for enhancing the shelter effect of porous fences on a triangular prism [J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2021, 244: 117922.
33	Gillies J A, Etyemezian V, Nikolich G, et al. Effectiveness of an array of porous fences to reduce sand flux: Oceano Dunes, Oceano CA [J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2017, 168: 247-259.
34	Bofah K K, Al-Hinai K G. Field tests of porous fences in the regime of sand-laden wind [J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 1986, 23: 309-319.
35	林官明, 叶文虎. 防风网泄流区湍流的子波分析[J]. 北京大学学报(自然科学版), 2003, 39(5): 732-735.
	Lin G M, Ye W H. Wavelet analysis of turbulent signal in the lee of windbreak [J]. Acta Scicentiarum Naturalum Universitis Pekinesis, 2003, 39(5): 732-735.
36	丛晓春, 詹水芬. 防风网多孔动力效应的应用研究[J]. 中国矿业大学学报, 2009, 38(2): 193-196, 202.
	Cong X C, Zhan S F. Application research on porous dynamical effect of windbreak [J]. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology, 2009, 38(2): 193-196, 202.
37	Hess G R, Bay J M. A regional assessment of windbreak habitat suitability [J]. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2000, 61(2): 239-256.
38	陈凯华, 宋存义, 李强. 钢铁厂露天堆料场挡风抑尘墙效果的数值模拟[J]. 环境工程学报, 2008, 2(3): 403-407.
	Chen K H, Song C Y, Li Q. Numerical simulation on effectiveness of wind-proof and dust suppressing wall built in open-air depots of iron and steel plants [J]. Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering, 2008, 2(3): 403-407.
39	刘梦, 贾敏, 伯鑫, 等. 典型钢铁原料场在不同风向下的源强仿真研究[J]. 环境与发展, 2020, 32(3): 135-138, 140.
	Liu M, Jia M, Bo X, et al. Simulation study on source emissions of typical iron and steel raw material field with different wind directions [J]. Environment and Development, 2020, 32(3): 135-138, 140.
40	Li W, Wang F, Bell S. Simulating the sheltering effects of windbreaks in urban outdoor open space [J]. Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics, 2007, 95(7): 533-549.
41	王凯. 防风网对露天堆料场扬尘在局部区域内扩散规律的影响[D]. 青岛: 青岛科技大学, 2019.
	Wang K. Effect of windbreak on the diffusion law of dust in open-yard stockpile in local area [D]. Qingdao: Qingdao University of Science & Technology, 2019.
42	闫俊霖. 防风网对散货堆垛起尘的抑制效果研究[D]. 天津: 天津大学, 2017.
	Yan J L. Dust control and shelter effect of porous fence in open storage yard [D]. Tianjin: Tianjin University, 2017.
43	Chen G H, Wang W W, Sun C F, et al. 3D numerical simulation of wind flow behind a new porous fence [J]. Powder Technology, 2012, 230: 118-126.
44	吴延鹏, 赵薇, 陈凤君. 不同相对湿度下亲疏水纳米纤维膜空气过滤性能研究[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(S1): 471-478.
	Wu Y P, Zhao W, Chen F J. Experimental study on air filtration performance of nanofiber membrane with hydrophilic and hydophobic function at different relative humidity[J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(S1): 471-478.
45	张毅, 李刚. 钢铁企业环保型料场贮存方式的特点及比较[J]. 宝钢技术, 2015, (6): 45-49.
	Zhang Y, Li G. Features and comparison of storage of environmental-friendly stock yard for iron and steel enterprises [J]. Baosteel Technology, 2015, (6): 45-49.
46	赵霞, 程罡, 赵金怀, 等. 料场膜封闭综合防尘技术及应用[J]. 工业安全与环保, 2020, 46(4): 71-73, 87.
	Zhao X, Cheng G, Zhao J H, et al. Comprehensive dust control technology and application of film sealing in material yard [J]. Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection, 2020, 46(4): 71-73, 87.
47	彭凯, 樊越胜, 马晓辉, 等. 料场膜结构密闭厂房自然通风数值模拟[J]. 煤气与热力, 2018, 38(2): 16-19.
	Peng K, Fan Y S, Ma X H, et al. Numerical simulation of natural ventilation in membrane structure airtight workshop of material yard [J]. Gas & Heat, 2018, 38(2): 16-19.
48	马晓辉, 姚群. 钢铁行业料场扬尘控制阳光膜封闭技术[J]. 工业安全与环保, 2018, 44(10): 58-60.
	Ma X H, Yao Q. Sunshine membrane sealing technology applied in the control of dust emission in steel industry [J]. Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection, 2018, 44(10): 58-60.
49	姚群, 马晓辉, 刘学军, 等. 钢铁行业烟尘的无组织排放与控制[J]. 中国环保产业, 2018, (11): 35-40.
	Yao Q, Ma X H, Liu X J, et al. Fugitive emission and control of dust and fume in iron and steel industry [J]. China Environmental Protection Industry, 2018, (11): 35-40.
50	康兴东, 邱实, 陈铁军, 等. 大跨度环保封闭料场的特点及应用[J]. 烧结球团, 2020, 45(1): 50-54, 72.
	Kang X D, Qiu S, Chen T J, et al. Characteristics and application of large-span environmental enclosed material stockyard [J]. Sintering and Pelletizing, 2020, 45(1): 50-54, 72.
51	李春元. 生物纳膜抑尘机组在石人沟铁矿的应用[J]. 矿业工程, 2019, 17(6): 40-42.
	Li C Y. The application of bio-nano-film dust suppression unit in shirengou iron ore [J]. Mining Engineering, 2019, 17(6): 40-42.
52	张丰平. 干雾抑尘技术在电炉原料无组织排放治理中的应用研究[J]. 山东化工, 2016, 45(9): 139-141.
	Zhang F P. Study of dry fog dust suppression technology in the control of non-organized discharge of electric furnace raw materials [J]. Shandong Chemical Industry, 2016, 45(9): 139-141.
53	王静, 李延明, 梁峰, 等. 某炼铁厂无组织排放点实施干雾抑尘设施前后粉尘浓度对比分析[J]. 工业卫生与职业病, 2020, 46(6): 503-505.
	Wang J, Li Y M, Liang F, et al. Comparative analysis of dust concentration before and after the implementation of dry fog dust suppression facilities at unorganized emission point in a iron refinery [J]. Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases, 2020, 46(6): 503-505.
54	李联康. 生物纳膜源头抑尘技术在水泥行业中的应用前景[J]. 水泥, 2019, (3): 53-55.
	Li L K. Application prospect of dust suppression technology by biological nano membrane from source in cement industry [J]. Cement, 2019, (3): 53-55.
55	张毅, 李刚. 环保型封闭式料场及其在宝钢原料场改造中的应用[J]. 烧结球团, 2014, 39(4): 47-49.
	Zhang Y, Li G. Environmental enclosed type stockyard and its application in Baosteel raw material stockyard reconstruction [J]. Sintering and Pelletizing, 2014, 39(4): 47-49.

[1]	李珍宝, 李超, 王虎, 王绍瑞, 黎泉. MPP抑制铝镁合金粉尘爆炸微观机理研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(8): 3608-3614.
[2]	吴延鹏, 郭占闯. 超疏水表面防附尘性能实验分析[J]. 化工学报, 2018, 69(S2): 365-372.
[3]	朱辉, 付海明, 亢燕铭. 荷尘状态单纤维过滤压降数值计算与分析[J]. 化工学报, 2012, 63(12): 3927-3936.
[4]	张星, 姬忠礼, 陈鸿海, 熊至宜. 高压天然气管道内粉尘在线检测方法 [J]. 化工学报, 2010, 61(9): 2334-2339.
[5]	刘章现，冯兴华，杨甲文. 炭素厂生产车间粉尘及沥青烟治理工程设计 [J]. CIESC Journal, 2006, 25(7): 837-.