MPP抑制铝镁合金粉尘爆炸微观机理研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20230598

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

铝镁合金在抛光打磨过程中，存在一定的粉尘爆炸危险性。为了减小铝镁合金粉尘爆炸事故的危害，选取三聚氰胺聚磷酸盐（MPP）对铝镁合金粉尘的抑爆特性进行研究。利用20 L爆炸球及热分析实验，分析MPP对铝镁合金粉尘爆炸特性的抑制效果。结合爆炸产物化学成分分析和官能团变化情况，分析MPP抑制铝镁合金粉尘爆炸机理。研究结果表明，70%（质量）的MPP添加量的铝镁合金粉尘可实现完全抑爆。MPP分解反应本身为吸热反应，生成惰性气体NH₃、H₂O和CO₂，降低了反应体系的氧浓度。抑爆过程中，聚磷酸本身还原成磷酸，反应生成物可与活性基团反应。MPP抑制Al氧化生成AlO基团的效果，明显优于其抑制Mg的氧化反应。研究结果为铝镁合金粉尘事故工业预防提供数据支撑及理论依据。

关键词: 粉体, 爆炸, 安全, 铝镁合金粉尘, 抑爆剂, 爆炸特性

Abstract:

There is a certain explosion risk in the polishing process of Al-Mg alloy. To reduce the damage of explosion accident on Al-Mg alloy powder, melamine polyphosphate (MPP) was selected to study the suppression mechanism of Al-Mg alloy powder explosion. The effect of MPP on the dust explosion characteristics of aluminum-magnesium alloy was analyzed by using 20 L explosion ball and thermal analysis experiment. Combined with the chemical composition analysis and the functional group change of the explosion products, the mechanism on MPP inhibiting the explosion of Al-Mg alloy powder was analyzed. The results show that the addition of 70% (mass) MPP in Al-Mg alloy dust can achieve complete explosion suppression. It was endothermic during MPP decomposition and inert gases (NH₃, H₂O, and CO₂) were generated for reducing oxygen concentration. In this process, the polyphosphate transformed to phosphoric acid, which can reacts with the active group. The effect of MPP on inhibiting the oxidation of Al to form AlO groups is obviously better than that on inhibiting the oxidation reaction of Mg. The results can provide theoretical basis for industrial prevention on explosion accident of Al-Mg alloy powder.

Key words: powder, explosion, secure, Al-Mg alloy powder, explosion suppressor, explosion characteristic

中图分类号:

X 932

李珍宝, 李超, 王虎, 王绍瑞, 黎泉. MPP抑制铝镁合金粉尘爆炸微观机理研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(8): 3608-3614.

Zhenbao LI, Chao LI, Hu WANG, Shaorui WANG, Quan LI. The microscopic mechanism on MPP inhibiting explosion of Al-Mg alloy powder[J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(8): 3608-3614.

图/表 8

表1 铝镁合金粉尘元素分析

Table 1 Element analysis of Al-Mg alloy powder

元素	比例/%
Al	93.87
Mg	4.52
Si	0.26
Cu	0.01
Zn	0.12
Mn	0.63
Fe	0.23
Cr	0.08

图1 20 L爆炸实验装置图1—data acquisition computer; 2—router; 3—ethernet; 4—transmitter; 5—touch screen; 6—PLC; 7—control cabinet; 8—seal cover operating lever; 9—chemical ignition head; 10—pressure sensor; 11—rebound type nozzle; 12—vent; 13—gas powder two-phase valve; 14—pressure gauge; 15—store powder storehouse; 16—air tank

Fig.1 20 L spherical explosion experimental system

图2 不同MPP添加量的铝镁合金粉尘爆炸压力曲线

Fig.2 Explosion pressure curve of Al-Mg alloy dust under different mass fraction MPP

表2 不同质量分数MPP下铝镁合金粉尘Ti和（dP/dt）max

Table 2 Al-Mg alloy powder Ti and （dP/dt）max under different mass fractions of MPP

MPP质量分数/%	T_i/s	(dP/dt)_max/(MPa/s)
0	0.1881	86.39
20	0.1716	37.02
30	0.1834	32.08
40	0.2421	14.81
50	0.3457	14.81
60	0.4764	12.34
70	0.5368	7.40

图3 TG-DTG-DSC曲线

Fig.3 TG-DTG-DSC curves

图4 爆炸产物X射线衍射图

Fig.4 X-ray diffraction pattern of explosive products

图5 爆炸产物FTIR图

Fig.5 FTIR spectrum of explosive products

图6 MPP抑制铝镁合金粉尘爆炸机理分析

Fig.6 Analysis of mechanism of MPP inhibiting Al-Mg alloy dust explosion

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