内相粒径对现场混装乳化炸药基质抗振动性能的影响

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20220742

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过改变乳化分散机转速制备不同内相粒径的现场混装乳化炸药基质试样，使用调速振荡器模拟不同粒径基质试样在运输中受振动过程，测试受振动前后基质试样的内相粒径、微观结构、硝酸铵析出量和黏度变化，评估内相粒径对现场混装乳化炸药基质抗振动性能的影响。实验结果表明，随着内相液滴粒径增大，乳化炸药基质的抗振动性能减弱，内相粒径大于5.00 μm的基质更易受振动作用破乳析晶。内相粒径为9.47 μm的1^#基质多分散指数(PDI)为2.78，在1个振动周期后明显破乳失稳，3个振动周期后的析晶量增大143%、黏度增大1.4倍，破乳严重且黏度过大不利于泵送；内相粒径为3.97 μm的5^#基质PDI为1.88，3个振动周期后析晶量增大52%、黏度增大1.07倍，仍保持乳化炸药基质形态，有较好的稳定性。内相粒径过大的乳化炸药受振动后内部液滴易析晶导致性能降低，实际生产中应控制炸药基质制备时的内相粒径小于5.00 μm。

关键词: 乳化炸药, 乳化炸药基质, 现场混装, 内相粒径, 抗振动性能

Abstract:

By changing the speed of the emulsification disperser, the mixed emulsion explosive matrix samples with different internal phase particle sizes were prepared on site. Phase particle size, microstructure, ammonium nitrate precipitation, and viscosity changes were used to evaluate the effect of internal phase particle size on the vibration resistance of the field-mixed emulsion explosive matrix. The experimental results show that the anti-vibration performance of the emulsified explosive matrix weakened as the particle size of the internal phase droplets increased, and the matrix with the internal phase particle size larger than 5.00 μm was more susceptible to the vibration effect of emulsion breakage and crystal precipitation. The poly dispersion index (PDI) of 1^# matrix with the internal phase particle size of 9.47 μm was 2.78, and the emulsion was obviously broken and destabilized after 1 vibration cycle, and the crystallization amount increased by 143% and viscosity increased by 1.4 times after 3 vibration cycles, so the emulsion was broken seriously and the viscosity was too large for pumping. The PDI of 5^# matrix with the internal phase particle size of 3.97 μm was 1.88, and the crystallization amount increased by 52% and viscosity increased by 1.07 times after 3 vibration cycles, but it still maintained the form of the emulsion explosive matrix and had good stability. The emulsion explosive with too large internal phase particle size is easy to crystallize after being vibrated, which leads to the decrease of performance. In actual production, the internal phase particle size during the preparation of the explosive matrix should be controlled to be less than 5.00 μm.

Key words: emulsion explosive, emulsion explosive matrix, on-site mixing, internal phase particle size, vibration resistance

中图分类号:

TQ 564.4

刘锋, 汪全, 吴攀宇, 魏国, 何祥. 内相粒径对现场混装乳化炸药基质抗振动性能的影响[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(9): 4217-4225.

Feng LIU, Quan WANG, Panyu WU, Guo WEI, Xiang HE. Effect of internal phase particle size on vibration resistance of on-site mixed emulsion explosive matrix[J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(9): 4217-4225.

图/表 11

表1 现场混装乳化炸药基质的配方

Table 1 Formulation of on-site mixed emulsion explosive matrix

组成	质量分数/%
硝酸铵	72.5
硝酸钠	4.0
复合蜡	1.5
0^#柴油	4.0
H₂O	16.0
Span-80	2.0

表2 现场混装乳化炸药基质内相粒径测试结果

Table 2 Test results of internal phase particle size of on-site mixed emulsion explosive matrix

编号	转速/ (r·min^-1)	D₁/μm	粒径分布范围ΔL/μm	PDI	D₂/μm	粒径分布范围ΔL/μm	PDI	D₃/μm	粒径分布范围ΔL/μm	PDI	D₄/μm	粒径分布范围ΔL /μm	PDI
1^#	600	9.47	3.80~30.20	2.78	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—
2^#	800	9.01	3.31~26.30	2.59	15.95	5.01~60.26	3.21	—	—	—	—	—	—
3^#	1000	7.41	2.88~19.95	2.30	8.89	3.31~26.30	2.59	13.53	4.37~45.71	3.05	—	—	—
4^#	1200	4.97	1.91~11.48	1.93	7.81	2.88~22.91	2.56	10.84	4.37~34.67	2.80	13.89	4.37~45.71	3.06
5^#	1400	3.97	1.25~8.71	1.88	5.69	2.18~13.18	1.95	6.43	2.51~15.31	1.96	6.81	2.51~17.38	2.18

图1 现场混装乳化炸药基质的平均内相粒径测试结果

Fig.1 Test results of average internal phase particle size of on-site mixed emulsion explosive matrix

图2 振动前后现场混装乳化炸药基质试样微观结构

Fig.2 Microstructures of on-site mixed emulsion explosive matrix samples before and after vibration

图3 振动前后现场混装乳化炸药基质试样俯视图

Fig.3 Top view of on-site mixed emulsion explosive matrix samples before and after vibration

图4 振动引发三相界面析晶过程示意图

Fig.4 Schematic diagram of three-phase interface crystallization process caused by vibration

图5 水溶法测试试样的硝酸铵析出量

Fig.5 Determination of precipitation amount of AN in samples by water-soluble method

表3 水溶法测试硝酸铵析出量的滴定结果

Table 3 Titration results of AN precipitation amount measured by water-soluble method

编号	平均粒径D[3,2]/μm	振动时间/h	消耗氢氧化钠溶液平均体积 $V ¯$ /ml	硝酸铵析出量M/g
1^#	9.47	0	6.35	0.36594
	—	24	8.43	0.48552
	—	48	10.25	0.59070
	—	72	15.46	0.89094
2^#	9.01	0	4.63	0.26653
	15.95	24	5.53	0.31840
	—	48	6.48	0.37315
	—	72	9.25	0.53307
3^#	7.41	0	3.05	0.17577
	8.89	24	3.34	0.19248
	13.53	48	4.64	0.26711
	—	72	7.45	0.42933
4^#	4.97	0	2.55	0.14695
	7.81	24	3.46	0.19940
	10.84	48	3.77	0.21697
	13.89	72	4.84	0.27864
5^#	3.97	0	2.32	0.13341
	5.69	24	3.10	0.17865
	6.43	48	3.19	0.18355
	6.81	72	3.50	0.20170

表3 水溶法测试硝酸铵析出量的滴定结果

Table 3 Titration results of AN precipitation amount measured by water-soluble method

编号	平均粒径D[3,2]/μm	振动时间/h	消耗氢氧化钠溶液平均体积 $V ¯$ /ml	硝酸铵析出量M/g
1^#	9.47	0	6.35	0.36594
	—	24	8.43	0.48552
	—	48	10.25	0.59070
	—	72	15.46	0.89094
2^#	9.01	0	4.63	0.26653
	15.95	24	5.53	0.31840
	—	48	6.48	0.37315
	—	72	9.25	0.53307
3^#	7.41	0	3.05	0.17577
	8.89	24	3.34	0.19248
	13.53	48	4.64	0.26711
	—	72	7.45	0.42933
4^#	4.97	0	2.55	0.14695
	7.81	24	3.46	0.19940
	10.84	48	3.77	0.21697
	13.89	72	4.84	0.27864
5^#	3.97	0	2.32	0.13341
	5.69	24	3.10	0.17865
	6.43	48	3.19	0.18355
	6.81	72	3.50	0.20170

图6 水溶法测试硝酸铵析出量的结果

Fig.6 Test results of AN precipitation amount by water-soluble method

表4 现场混装乳化炸药基质受运输振动后黏度变化

Table 4 Viscosity change of on-site mixed emulsion explosive matrix subjected to transport vibration

转速/(r·min^-1)	黏度/(mPa·s)
转速/(r·min^-1)	0 h	24 h	48 h	72 h
600	227316	266414	296763	317961
800	243021	270813	287871	304515
1000	254841	274852	290566	300681
1200	260745	273051	281611	287573
1400	264437	272443	280157	282285

图7 现场混装乳化炸药基质黏度测试结果

Fig.7 Viscosity test results of on-site mixed emulsion explosive matrix

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