竖直射流火撞击障碍管道数值模拟分析

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20220698

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

当前对于竖直向上屏障射流火的研究大多集中于顶棚射流，对于竖直向上射流火羽流撞击管道的研究相对较少。为研究竖直向上射流火羽流撞击管道的特征演化行为，基于燃烧学及流体力学基本原理，运用Fluent数值模拟软件，通过控制变量法对不同热释放速率、障碍管道直径及管壁-火源间距因素进行探究。研究表明障碍管道直径和管壁-火源间距对火焰高度和宽度均有一定程度的影响，且得到了基于Froude数的无量纲火焰高度表征模型。

关键词: 射流火, 甲烷, 障碍管道, 火焰长度, 火焰宽度, 数值模拟, 安全

Abstract:

For the vertical upward barrier jet fire, the predecessors mostly studied the ceiling jet, but there were very few studies on the vertical upward jet fire plume impinging on the pipeline. In order to study the evolution behavior characteristics of the vertical upward jet fire plume hitting the pipeline, based on the basic principles of combustion and fluid mechanics, the influence of different heat release rates, diameters of the obstacle pipelines and the distance between the pipe wall and the fire source were investigated by using the Fluent software. It is concluded that the diameter of the obstacle pipe and the distance between the pipe wall and the fire source have a certain degree of influence on the flame height and width, and a dimensionless flame height representation model based on Froude number is obtained.

Key words: jet fire, methane, obstacle pipes, flame length, flame width, numerical simulation, safety

中图分类号:

X 931

廖珊珊, 张少刚, 陶骏骏, 刘家豪, 汪金辉. 竖直射流火撞击障碍管道数值模拟分析[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(9): 4226-4234.

Shanshan LIAO, Shaogang ZHANG, Junjun TAO, Jiahao LIU, Jinhui WANG. Numerical simulation analysis of vertical jet fire impinging on the pipeline[J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(9): 4226-4234.

图/表 14

图1 不同网格数量下障碍管道下方切面温度分布

Fig.1 Temperature distribution of the section below the obstacle pipeline under different grid numbers

图2 射流模拟与实验结果对比

Fig.2 Comparison between simulation and experimental results of jet fire flame length

图3 射流火模拟模型

Fig.3 Simulation model of jet fire

表1 模拟工况设置情况

Table1 Information of simulation tests

障碍管道数量	管道-火源距离H/m	管道直径D₁/m	燃料泄漏速度u/(m/s)	热释放速率 Q/kW
0	—	—	150~400	167.2~445.8
1	0.5	0.4	150~400	167.2~445.8
1	1.0	0.4	150~400	167.2~445.8
1	1.5	0.2	150~400	167.2~445.8
1	1.5	0.4	150~400	167.2~445.8
1	1.5	0.6	150~400	167.2~445.8
1	1.5	0.8	150~400	167.2~445.8

图4 模拟温度切片云图

Fig.4 Contour of temperature in different simulation tests

图5 不同D1和Q下火焰沿管道蔓延的水平宽度变化

Fig.5 Variation of horizontal width of flame spread along the pipe under different D1 and Q

图6 泄漏速度为300m/s时火羽流撞击不同直径管道温度分布

Fig.6 Temperature distribution of fire plume hitting pipes with different diameters when u=300m/s

图7 水平射流火羽流撞击障碍管道[24]

Fig.7 Horizontal jet fire plume hiting obstacle pipe[24]

图8 管壁-火源间距为1.5m时火焰高度与热释放速率关系

Fig.8 Relationship between the Lf/D and Q at H=1.5m

图9 不同管壁-火源间距温度切片图

Fig.9 Temperature slice under different spacing between pipe-wall and vent of fire source

图10 障碍管道直径为0.4 m时火焰高度与热释放速率关系

Fig.10 Relationship between flame height and heat release rate at the diameter of the obstacle pipe 0.4 m

表2 目前关于竖直射流火焰长度的部分研究

Table 2 Some current studies on flame length of jet fire

文献	燃料类型	喷射方向	Fr	火焰长度公式
[41]	丙烷	竖直	80~1×10⁵	$L f D = 27 F r 0.2$
[42]	丙烷和乙烯	竖直	800~8×10⁴	$L f D = 25 F r 0.2$
[43]	液化石油气	竖直	150~4.5×10⁵	$L f D = 30 F r 0.2$
[44]	天然气	竖直	2.7×10³~8.2×10⁴	$L f D = 6.75 F r 0.24$

表2 目前关于竖直射流火焰长度的部分研究

Table 2 Some current studies on flame length of jet fire

文献	燃料类型	喷射方向	Fr	火焰长度公式
[41]	丙烷	竖直	80~1×10⁵	$L f D = 27 F r 0.2$
[42]	丙烷和乙烯	竖直	800~8×10⁴	$L f D = 25 F r 0.2$
[43]	液化石油气	竖直	150~4.5×10⁵	$L f D = 30 F r 0.2$
[44]	天然气	竖直	2.7×10³~8.2×10⁴	$L f D = 6.75 F r 0.24$

图11 自由射流火数据拟合

Fig.11 Fitting of free jet fire data

图12 障碍管道射流火数据拟合

Fig.12 Data fitting of jet fire in obstructed pipeline

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