Abstract: Four topics related with the dye chemistry and dye industry are discussed with retrospect of the 20th century. The scope of dye industry was widened and divide into conventional and functional dyes. The high science and technology, such as Life science, Information science and Material science would direct the research and development of the Functional dyes, which play a great role in these fields,and a great progress in the next Century would be anticipated. The conventional dyes: Steady production would be maintained; Qualities of dyestuff should be further improved; Reactive dyes and Disperse dyes would become the two most important classes for textiles; Pigments would develop with a rapid growth along with the material industry. Three extremely urgent problems have to be resolved in dyestuff industry: creating new dyestuff varieties; adoption of “clean technology”; promoting commercializing quality. Three important aspects for theoretical study in dye science: The relationship between the performance and structure of dyes; catalytic synthesis of dyes and intermediates; dye physics and dye biochemistry. The forecast of dye industry in the 21st Century is made.