Abstract: Hydrotalcite was prepared by co-precipitation of magnesium and aluminum nitrate solution.After calcination, the hydrotalcite was converted to Mg-Al composite oxides.The transesterification of rapeseed oil was carried out by using treated Mg-Al composite oxides as catalyst.Through orthogonal analysis, the optimum reaction conditions obtained for the transesterification were set at temperature 65 ℃, mole ratio of methanol to rapeseed oil 6∶1, reaction time 3 h, and catalyst dosage 2% (on rapeseed oil mass).The yield of fatty acid methyl ester (biodiesel fuel) was 95.7%.The fluidity of the biodiesel fuel at low temperature was much better than that of No.0 diesel fuel and the flash point was as high as 170 ℃ with a sound oxidation stability.Other principal physicochemical properties of the biodiesl fuel were similar to that of No.0 diesel fuel.The biodiesel fuel could be blended with No.0 diesel fuel at any ratio.

Key words: 固体碱催化剂, 水滑石, 菜籽油, 脂肪酸甲酯, 生物柴油, 氧化安定性

摘要： 用共沉淀法制备了水滑石，焙烧后得到Mg-Al复合氧化物，以此为催化剂进行菜籽油的酯交换反应，正交实验表明该酯交换反应的小试最佳工艺条件为： 反应温度65 ℃、醇油摩尔比6∶1、反应时间为3 h，催化剂加入量为菜籽油质量的2%，脂肪酸甲酯（生物柴油）含量为95.7%.得到的生物柴油低温流动性能好，闪点高达170 ℃，氧化安定性好，主要性能指标符合0#柴油标准，可以和0#柴油以任何比例调和.

关键词: 固体碱催化剂, 水滑石, 菜籽油, 脂肪酸甲酯, 生物柴油, 氧化安定性