Abstract: The initial start-up of anaerobic biochemical reactor may spend many months even a year to develop granular biomass,which is regarded as a obstacle affecting widespread application of anaerobic process.Self-immobilization of microbes in anaerobic biochemical reactor may be effectively enhanced by adding proper polymers during the period of initial start-up.The characteristics,dose and way of addition showed significant influences on the methane-generating activity, and settling performance of anaerobic microbes. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the feasibility of decreasing the overall time required to form sludge granules with the aid of adding polyquatemary salt into anaerobic biochemical reactor,to determine the optimum way of addition and to quantify the dose.Sixteen biochemical reactors were seeded with anaerobically digested biosolids. Anaerobic biodegradability of polyquatemary salt was measured by the method of biochemical methane potential(BMP).The effects of polyquatemary salt at different concentrations on special methane-generating activity(SMA) of anaerobic microbes were investigated by using anaerobic toxicity assay(ATA).The results showed that polyquatemary salt can exert a positive impact on self-immobilization of anaerobic microbes.The highest SMA of anaerobic microbes appeared at 5—10mg•L^-1(polyquatemary salt concentration).The settling performance of sludge increased as polyquatemary salt dosage was increaced, but the phenomenon of sludge floating occurred at 30—40mg•L^-1. It was recommended that polyquatemary salt was added into anaerobic biochemical reactor during start-up at 9—10d intervals and the most optimum concentration for the granulation was from 10 to 20mg•L^-1.

Key words: 高分子聚合物, 聚季铵盐, 厌氧生化反应器, 固定化, 颗粒化, 启动

摘要： 厌氧生化反应器初次启动时培养足量的颗粒污泥需要花费数月甚至1年时间，投加高分子聚合物能够有效地促进厌氧微生物自身固定化的进程，聚合物性能、投加量以及投加方式对厌氧微生物的性能产生影响.通过生物化学甲烷势（BMP）测定原理研究了聚季铵盐的厌氧生物可降解程度;采用厌氧毒性测定(ATA)方法对比了不同浓度下的聚季铵盐对厌氧污泥比产甲烷活性(SMA)和沉降性能的影响.结果表明，适量的聚季铵盐对厌氧微生物自身固定化有促进作用，建议采用间隔9～10d的多次投加方式，厌氧生化反应器中聚季铵盐浓度介于10～20mg•L^-1为宜.

关键词: 高分子聚合物, 聚季铵盐, 厌氧生化反应器, 固定化, 颗粒化, 启动