椰衣基聚氨酯包装缓冲泡沫的制备与性能研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20201836

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用多元醇溶剂催化液化技术将椰衣直接液化得到生物基多元醇，用于制备聚氨酯缓冲包装泡沫材料。首先分析液化条件对液化过程及液化产物的影响，确定了较优的液化反应条件为：2%浓硫酸催化剂，液固比 6∶1（液化试剂与椰衣质量比），160℃ 常压反应80 min。然后将此条件下获得的液化产物（BP）替代部分石油基多元醇，制得聚氨酯泡沫（BPUF），通过力学性能测试、热重、扫描电镜、红外光谱等分析方法，研究BP含量对BPUF的影响。结果显示，35%BP替代量下获得的泡沫材料综合性能较好，泡孔平均直径为427 μm，密度为20.3 kg/m³，压缩强度为40.2 kPa，压缩模量为766 kPa，最小缓冲系数为2.27。通过本文获得综合性能较佳的聚氨酯缓冲包装泡沫材料，为椰衣资源综合利用提供新方法。

关键词: 液化产物, 聚氨酯泡沫, 缓冲包装, 椰衣, 多元醇

Abstract:

Biomass polyols were obtained from coconut fiber (CF) by solvent-catalyzed liquefaction technology directly, and the liquefied products (BP) were used to prepare polyurethane foams (BPUF). Firstly, the influence of liquefaction conditions on the liquefaction process and liquefaction products was analyzed, and the optimal liquefaction reaction conditions were determined as: 2% concentrated sulfuric acid catalyst, liquid-solid ratio 6∶1 (liquid reagent and coconut fiber mass ratio), 160℃ atmospheric pressure reaction for 80 min. And then the products liquefied in these liquefaction conditions were used as raw materials to replace partial petroleum-based polyols to synthesize the BPUF. The mechanical property test, thermogravimetric (TGA), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) were carried out to research the influence of BP content on BPUF. The results show the BPUF prepared with 35% BP have excellent comprehensive performance with an average pore diameter of 427 μm uniformly, a density of 20.3 kg/m³, a compressive strength of 40.2 kPa, a compression modulus of 766 kPa, and a minimum cushioning coefficient of 2.27. The biomass polyols obtained from CF are promising and environment friendly in polyurethane foams buffer packaging materials, and also giving a new approach to the integrated use of CF.

Key words: liquefaction product, polyurethane foam, cushion packaging, coconut fiber, polyols

中图分类号:

TQ 328.3

赖英萍, 陈应, 赵佳佳, 吐松, 叶李艺. 椰衣基聚氨酯包装缓冲泡沫的制备与性能研究[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(7): 3880-3889.

LAI Yingping, CHEN Ying, ZHAO Jiajia, TU Song, YE Liyi. Preparation and performance of coconut fiber based polyurethane packaging cushioning foam[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(7): 3880-3889.

图/表 13

表1 BPUF的合成配方

Table 1 Synthetic formula of BPUF

泡沫试样	BP/%	多元醇A/%	多元醇B/%	A33/%	T-9/%	L-580/%	去离子水/%	I^①
PUF	0	50.0	50.0	1.0	0.9	0.6	5.0	1.1
15%BPUF	15	42.5	42.5	1.0	0.9	0.6	5.0	1.1
25%BPUF	25	37.5	37.5	1.0	0.9	0.6	5.0	1.1
35%BPUF	35	32.5	32.5	1.0	0.9	0.6	5.0	1.1
45%BPUF	45	27.5	27.5	1.0	0.9	0.6	5.0	1.1
65%BPUF	65	17.5	17.5	1.0	0.9	0.6	5.0	1.1

表2 浓硫酸催化剂用量对液化过程及BP的影响

Table 2 The influence of H2SO4 catalyst content on BP and the liquefaction process

催化剂用量/%	黏度/ (mPa·s)	羟值/ (mg/g)	酸值/ (mg/g)	残渣率/ %
1	312	319.6	6.7	11.8
2	375	336.2	19.0	6.8
3	365	320.7	27.7	5.8
4	364	316.9	28.8	7.1
5	658	299.5	33.7	6.5

表3 液化温度对液化过程及BP的影响

Table 3 The influence of liquefaction temperature on BP and the liquefaction process

液化温度/ ℃	黏度/ (mPa·s)	羟值/ (mg/g)	酸值/ (mg/g)	残渣率/ %
130	738	397.3	13.8	40. 4
140	713	436.2	16.2	13.6
150	410	380.2	17.9	8.8
160	375	336.2	19.0	6.8
170	442	331.4	20.5	7.5
180	697	253.1	19.3	20.3

表4 液固比对液化过程及BP的影响

Table 4 The influence of liquid-solid ratio on BP and the liquefaction process

m(l)∶m(s)	黏度/ (mPa·s)	羟值/ (mg/g)	酸值/ (mg/g)	残渣率/ %
3∶1	801	300.9	18.2	24.3
4∶1	509	333.9	20.1	13.6
5∶1	375	336.2	19.0	6.8
6∶1	360	345.9	18.2	6.5
7∶1	321	347.3	17.5	5.8

表5 液化时间对液化过程及BP的影响

Table 5 The influence of liquefaction time on BP and the liquefaction process

液化时间/ min	黏度/ (mPa·s)	羟值/ (mg/g)	酸值/ (mg/g)	残渣率/ %
20	516	399.6	13.6	18.1
30	508	393.5	15.8	11.2
40	461	386.8	16.1	9.7
60	387	379.6	16.5	7.2
80	360	345.9	18.2	6.5
100	350	336.3	19.5	5.6

图1 CF、CFR和BP的红外光谱图

Fig.1 Infrared spectra of CF, CFR and BP

表6 CF、CFR和BP的元素分析

Table 6 Elemental analysis of CF，CFR and BP

%（质量）

表7 BP替代量对发泡组合A料黏度和BPUF性能的影响

Table 7 The influence of BP content on the viscosity of foaming composition A and properties of BPUF

试样	组合A料黏度/ (mPa·s)	密度/ (kg/m³)	压缩强度/ kPa	压缩模量/ kPa	C_min	$σ m a x$ / kPa
PUF	346	25.8	50.8	1008	3.05	143.7
15%BPUF	421	22.3	45.8	723	2.77	125.5
25%BPUF	417	21.2	41.0	621	1.91	44.3
35%BPUF	414	19.8	36.5	633	2.39	59.5
45%BPUF	410	23.6	24.8	452	2.14	39.2
65%BPUF	380	28.9	19.7	333	2.75	85.5

表7 BP替代量对发泡组合A料黏度和BPUF性能的影响

Table 7 The influence of BP content on the viscosity of foaming composition A and properties of BPUF

试样	组合A料黏度/ (mPa·s)	密度/ (kg/m³)	压缩强度/ kPa	压缩模量/ kPa	C_min	$σ m a x$ / kPa
PUF	346	25.8	50.8	1008	3.05	143.7
15%BPUF	421	22.3	45.8	723	2.77	125.5
25%BPUF	417	21.2	41.0	621	1.91	44.3
35%BPUF	414	19.8	36.5	633	2.39	59.5
45%BPUF	410	23.6	24.8	452	2.14	39.2
65%BPUF	380	28.9	19.7	333	2.75	85.5

图2 不同BP替代量获得的BPUF的红外光谱图

Fig.2 Infrared spectra of BPUF obtained with different BP content

图3 不同BP替代量获得的BUPF的TG和DTG曲线

Fig.3 TG and DTG curves of BUPF obtained with different BP content

图4 不同BP替代量获得的BPUF的孔泡结构

Fig.4 Cell structure of BPUF obtained with different BP content

图5 不同BP替代量获得的BPUF孔泡结构和孔径分布

Fig.5 BPUF pore structure and pore size distribution with different BP content

图6 不同BP添加量获得的BPUF的应力-缓冲系数曲线

Fig.6 The stress-buffer coefficient curves of BPUF obtained with different BP content

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