高温动压涨圈密封结构参数多目标优化分析

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20230210

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对航空发动机涨圈密封在高温工况下磨损严重的特性，提出一种动环端面开设螺旋槽的动压涨圈密封。综合考虑切口对主密封端面流动的相互影响，建立流固热耦合数值分析模型，分析动压涨圈密封的密封性能，采用响应面法对静环结构参数进行多目标优化分析，试验验证模型的准确性。研究结果表明：动压涨圈的密封性能主要受切口间隙影响，而减磨性能主要受轴向厚度和径向宽度影响；切口间隙的增大将导致密封性能和减磨性能的下降，但轴向厚度和径向宽度的增加可有效减弱切口间隙的不利影响。优化参数组合为切口间隙0.2 mm、轴向厚度13 mm、径向宽度6.5 mm，优化后泄漏率降低26.73%，密封性能、减磨性能得到明显提升。

关键词: 动压涨圈密封, 响应面法, 密封特性, 流固热耦合分析模型

Abstract:

Aiming at the severe wear and tear characteristics of the aero-engine expansion ring seal under high temperature conditions, a dynamic pressure split ring seal with spiral groove on the end face of the split ring was proposed. Considering the mutual influence of the notch on the flow of the end face of the main seal, the fluid-solid thermal coupling numerical analysis model was established to analyze the sealing performance of the dynamic pressure swelling ring seal. The structural parameters of the static ring were optimized by the response surface method, and the accuracy of the model was verified by experiments. The results show that the sealing performance of dynamic pressure swelling ring is mainly affected by the clearance of the incision, and the wear reduction performance is mainly affected by the axial thickness and radial width. The increase of notch clearance will lead to the decrease of sealing performance and wear reduction performance, but the increase of axial thickness and radial width can effectively reduce the adverse effect of notch clearance. The optimized parameter combination was notch clearance 0.2 mm, axial thickness 13 mm and radial width 6.5 mm. After optimization, the leakage rate was reduced by 26.73%, and the sealing performance and wear reduction performance were significantly improved.

Key words: dynamic pressure split ring seal, response surface method, sealing characteristics, fluid-solid thermal coupling analysis model

中图分类号:

TB 42

毕恩哲, 李双喜, 沙廉翔, 刘登宇, 陈凯放. 高温动压涨圈密封结构参数多目标优化分析[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(6): 2565-2579.

Enzhe BI, Shuangxi LI, Lianxiang SHA, Dengyu LIU, Kaifang CHEN. Multi-objective optimization analysis of high temperature dynamic pressure split ring seal parameters[J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(6): 2565-2579.

图/表 36

图1 动压涨圈密封结构示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of sealing structure of dynamic pressure expansion ring

图2 动压涨圈密封环端面示意图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of sealing ring end face of dynamic pressure expansion ring

表1 动压式涨圈密封结构尺寸

Table 1 Structure size of dynamic pressure expansion ring seal

结构参数	数值	结构参数	数值
静环外半径r_b/mm	40.0	动环外半径r_ro/mm	39.0
静环内半径r_ei/mm	33.0	动环内半径r_ri/mm	30.0
密封端面外半径r_eo/mm	39.0	动环轴向厚度L_s/mm	6.0
静环轴向厚度L_e/mm	6.0 (4.0~14.0)	螺旋槽槽根半径r_e/mm	39.7
静环凸台高度L_b/mm	0.5	螺旋角θ/(°)	15
静环径向宽度H_s/mm	6.0 (4.5~7.0)	螺旋槽槽深h_g/μm	6.0
静环切口间隙δ_a/mm	0.3 (0.2~1.2)	槽数N/个	12

表2 涨圈密封环材料参数

Table 2 Material parameters of sealing ring with rising ring

材料参数	静环M106D	动环GH3625
弹性模量E/GPa	15	205
泊松比ν	0.3	0.3
热导率k/(W·m^-1·K^-1)	140	13.2
比热容C_p /(J·kg^-1·K^-1)	690	625
热膨胀系数α/(10^-6 K^-1)	5.0	17.2
密度ρ/(kg·m^-3)	2230	8400

表3 密封介质材料参数

Table 3 Material parameters of sealing medium

高温空气属性参数	数值
黏度μ_g/(10^-5 Pa·s)	1.81
热导率k_g/(W·m^-1·K^-1)	0.0259
比热容C_p_g/(J·kg^-1·K^-1)	1005
密度ρ_g/(kg·m^-3)	1.205

图3 几何模型示意图

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of geometric model

图4 网格划分示意图

Fig.4 Schematic diagrams of grid

图5 流体边界条件示意图

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of fluid boundary conditions

图6 密封环热边界示意图

Fig.6 Schematic diagram of thermal boundary of sealing ring

图7 密封环力边界示意图

Fig.7 Schematic diagram of force boundary of sealing ring

图8 耦合分析流程示意图

Fig.8 Coupling analysis flow diagram

图9 密封环截面温度与变形

Fig.9 Temperature and deformation of sealing ring section

图10 流体膜压力分布

Fig.10 Pressure distribution of fluid film

图11 流体膜温度分布

Fig.11 Temperature distribution of fluid film

图12 切口流场压力分布

Fig.12 Pressure distribution of notch flow field

图13 切口流场温度分布

Fig.13 Temperature distribution of notch flow field

图14 流体膜膜厚

Fig.14 Film thickness of fluid film

图15 膜区膜厚

Fig.15 Film thickness of membrane region

图16 切口间隙对密封间隙的影响

Fig.16 Influence of notch clearance on sealing clearance

图17 切口间隙对密封特性的影响

Fig.17 Influence of notch clearance on sealing characteristics

图18 轴向厚度对密封间隙的影响

Fig.18 Influence of axial thickness on sealing clearance

图19 轴向厚度对密封特性的影响

Fig.19 Influence of axial thickness on sealing characteristics

图20 径向宽度对密封间隙的影响

Fig.20 Influence of radial width on sealing clearance

图21 径向宽度对密封特性的影响

Fig.21 Influence of radial width on sealing characteristics

表4 三因素三水平分析

Table 4 Analysis of three factors and three levels

水平	δ_a/mm	L_s/mm	H_s/mm
1	0.2	11.0	5.5
2	0.3	12.0	6.0
3	0.4	13.0	6.5

表5 回归方程参数

Table 5 Parameters of regression equation

参数	数值	参数	数值	参数	数值
$a 0$	1.098	b₀	719.636	$c 0$	474.468
$a 1$	25.080	b₁	927.875	$c 1$	-4.191
$a 2$	-0.965	b₂	-46.908	$c 2$	-88.622
$a 3$	0.279	b₃	-49.728	$c 3$	0.845
$a 12$	-0.054	b₁₂	-26.652	$c 12$	-4.704
$a 13$	-0.851	b₁₃	-130.304	$c 13$	-38.455
$a 23$	-0.014	b₂₃	0.125	$c 23$	3.463
$a 11$	-8.666	b₁₁	-0.049	$c 11$	433.685
$a 22$	0.045	b₂₂	3.163	$c 22$	3.292
$a 33$	-0.003	b₃₃	8.253	$c 33$	-2.011

表5 回归方程参数

Table 5 Parameters of regression equation

参数	数值	参数	数值	参数	数值
$a 0$	1.098	b₀	719.636	$c 0$	474.468
$a 1$	25.080	b₁	927.875	$c 1$	-4.191
$a 2$	-0.965	b₂	-46.908	$c 2$	-88.622
$a 3$	0.279	b₃	-49.728	$c 3$	0.845
$a 12$	-0.054	b₁₂	-26.652	$c 12$	-4.704
$a 13$	-0.851	b₁₃	-130.304	$c 13$	-38.455
$a 23$	-0.014	b₂₃	0.125	$c 23$	3.463
$a 11$	-8.666	b₁₁	-0.049	$c 11$	433.685
$a 22$	0.045	b₂₂	3.163	$c 22$	3.292
$a 33$	-0.003	b₃₃	8.253	$c 33$	-2.011

图22 预测值与计算值分布关系

Fig.22 Distribution relationship between predicted value and calculated value

表6 回归方程方差分析结果

Table 6 Results of variance analysis of regression equation

回归方程	P值	相关系数R²	方均根差σ
q_t	<0.0001	0.997	0.00012
F_o	<0.0001	0.993	0.00016
K	<0.0001	0.928	0.00154

图23 影响程度分析

Fig.23 Analysis of influence degree

图24 因素交互作用对泄漏率的响应面

Fig.24 Response surface of factor interaction to leakage rate

图25 因素交互作用对开启力的响应面

Fig.25 Response surface of factor interaction to opening force

图26 因素交互作用对刚度的响应面

Fig.26 Response surface of factor interaction to stiffness

表7 优化结果对比

Table 7 Comparison of optimization results

性能指标	优化前	优化后	相对变化/%
泄漏量q_t/(10^-3 g·s^-1)	138.0	84.0	-39.13
开启力F_o/N	470	627	33.40
刚度K/(10⁴ N·m^-1)	22.5	42.3	88.00

图27 密封试验系统

Fig.27 Sealing test system

表8 静环结构参数

Table 8 Static ring structure parameters

结构参数	优化前	优化后
切口间隙δ_a/mm	0.3	0.2
轴向厚度L_s/mm	6.0	11.0
径向宽度H_s/mm	6.0	6.5

图28 泄漏率测量值与计算值

Fig.28 Measured and calculated leakage rates

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