化工过程的自优化控制：原理、发展与应用展望

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20231049

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

自优化控制（SOC）是一种通过选择被控变量实现化工过程实时优化的控制系统设计方法，具有控制结构简单、优化效果好等优点，近年来得到了快速发展。详细阐述了SOC的基本工作原理及其在过程控制系统中的定位与作用，对其发展历程和研究现状进行了系统性的总结，主要包括：被控变量求解方法、变量筛选快速算法、可变约束集问题、间歇过程SOC方法和混合实时优化策略等内容。最后，全面回顾了现阶段SOC在化工过程中的应用案例，并从理论和实践角度对其未来发展方向进行展望。

关键词: 化工过程, 自优化控制, 控制系统, 实时优化, 被控变量

Abstract:

Self-optimizing control (SOC) is a control system design method that achieves real-time optimization of chemical processes by selecting controlled variables. It has the advantages of simple control structure and good optimization effect, and has developed rapidly in recent years. This paper elaborates the fundamental principle of SOC and its role in the process control system. The historical developments and current research status of SOC are comprehensively surveyed, mainly including controlled variable solution methods, measurement screening algorithms, active-set change problems, SOC for batch processes, hybrid real-time optimization schemes, and so on. Finally, the applications of SOC to chemical processes are systematically reviewed, and outlooks on future developments of SOC are presented, from both theoretical and practical perspectives.

Key words: chemical processes, self-optimizing control, control system, real-time optimization, controlled variable

中图分类号:

TP 273

叶凌箭. 化工过程的自优化控制：原理、发展与应用展望[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(11): 4445-4465.

Lingjian YE. Self-optimizing control for chemical processes: principle, developments and outlooks[J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(11): 4445-4465.

图/表 12

参考文献 118

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化工过程	自由度^① (可变约束)	n_y	被控变量求解方法	变量筛选算法	备注	文献
蒸发器	2(1)	10	Ⅱ， Ⅲa， Ⅲb	BF	常用基准仿真平台	[24, 27-28, 105]
反应-分离-循环过程	1	>9	Ⅰ， Ⅲa	BF	—	[19, 106-107]
TE过程	3	41	Ⅰ， Ⅲb	BF， BAB	只研究了工况一	[18, 35, 49, 108]
HDA过程	2	140	Ⅰ， Ⅲb	BF， BAB	—	[20, 45, 50, 109]
金氰化浸出过程	4	16	Ⅲb	BF，BAB	—	[36-37, 110]
催化裂化装置	1	8	Ⅲb	BF	—	[38]
废气排放过程	2(1)	13+43^②	Ⅰ， Ⅲb	BF， BAB	鲁棒设定值法	[39, 111-112]
二氧化碳捕集过程	2(1)	39	Ⅰ	BF， BAB	切换策略	[113-114]
SOFC装置	1	13	Ⅰ， Ⅲb	BF	—	[88-89]
SOFC+熔融碳酸盐燃料电池	4(2)	17	Ⅰ	BF	切换策略	[115-116]
蔗汁压榨制糖过程	41	234	Ⅱ	GA	解决传感器放置问题	[117]
蒸汽压缩制冷循环系统	3	11	Ⅰ， Ⅱ	BF	部分实验验证	[118]
氨合成反应过程	3	6	Ⅱ	BF	SOC+ESC双层控制	[80]
污水处理过程	5	28	Ⅱ	BAB	—	[119-120]
排水管道系统	3	24	Ⅱ	BF	—	[121]
Kaibel精馏塔	4	71	Ⅱ	MIQP	—	[51-52, 85]
高压空分装置	6	23	Ⅰ	BF	—	[122]
LNG液化装置	2	49	Ⅰ， Ⅱ	BAB	—	[123]
富氧燃烧系统	1	2	Ⅰ	BF	—	[124]
间歇精馏塔	20~40^③	>100	Ⅱ	未考虑	—	[30, 72, 76]

化工过程	自由度^① (可变约束)	n_y	被控变量求解方法	变量筛选算法	备注	文献
蒸发器	2(1)	10	Ⅱ， Ⅲa， Ⅲb	BF	常用基准仿真平台	[24, 27-28, 105]
反应-分离-循环过程	1	>9	Ⅰ， Ⅲa	BF	—	[19, 106-107]
TE过程	3	41	Ⅰ， Ⅲb	BF， BAB	只研究了工况一	[18, 35, 49, 108]
HDA过程	2	140	Ⅰ， Ⅲb	BF， BAB	—	[20, 45, 50, 109]
金氰化浸出过程	4	16	Ⅲb	BF，BAB	—	[36-37, 110]
催化裂化装置	1	8	Ⅲb	BF	—	[38]
废气排放过程	2(1)	13+43^②	Ⅰ， Ⅲb	BF， BAB	鲁棒设定值法	[39, 111-112]
二氧化碳捕集过程	2(1)	39	Ⅰ	BF， BAB	切换策略	[113-114]
SOFC装置	1	13	Ⅰ， Ⅲb	BF	—	[88-89]
SOFC+熔融碳酸盐燃料电池	4(2)	17	Ⅰ	BF	切换策略	[115-116]
蔗汁压榨制糖过程	41	234	Ⅱ	GA	解决传感器放置问题	[117]
蒸汽压缩制冷循环系统	3	11	Ⅰ， Ⅱ	BF	部分实验验证	[118]
氨合成反应过程	3	6	Ⅱ	BF	SOC+ESC双层控制	[80]
污水处理过程	5	28	Ⅱ	BAB	—	[119-120]
排水管道系统	3	24	Ⅱ	BF	—	[121]
Kaibel精馏塔	4	71	Ⅱ	MIQP	—	[51-52, 85]
高压空分装置	6	23	Ⅰ	BF	—	[122]
LNG液化装置	2	49	Ⅰ， Ⅱ	BAB	—	[123]
富氧燃烧系统	1	2	Ⅰ	BF	—	[124]
间歇精馏塔	20~40^③	>100	Ⅱ	未考虑	—	[30, 72, 76]

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