CNT/PVA@碳布膜的光电联合驱动界面蒸发性能研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20231054

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用电能辅助的太阳能驱动界面蒸发技术是提高淡水产量的一个有效途径，但是如何绿色高效的获取淡水仍是一个挑战。为此，本文利用带有孔洞的亚克力板作为支撑装置，在碳布上喷涂碳纳米管（CNT）和无水乙醇的混合溶液作为光热电热膜（CNT/PVA@碳布），与隔热装置和供水通道组成一个高效的界面蒸发系统。蒸发性能测试结果表明，该蒸发系统在1个标准太阳光照射下净蒸发速率达到1.5 kg·m^-2·h^-1，而在与 2 A电流的联合作用下，净蒸发速率高达5.08 kg·m^-2·h^-1，比仅在1个标准太阳光照射下和仅提供2 A电流的蒸发速率之和高出0.6 kg·m^-2·h^-1。此外，这种蒸发系统构造简单易于规模化，为绿色高效的提高淡水产量提供了一个新的思路。

关键词: 光电联合, 光热-电热膜, 界面蒸发, 蒸发速率, 绿色高效

Abstract:

The technology of solar-driven interfacial evaporation assisted by electrical energy is an effective way to increase fresh water production, but how to obtain fresh water in a green and efficient way remains a challenge. Therefore, in this paper we used an acrylic plate with holes as a support device, sprayed a mixed solution of CNT and ethanol on the carbon cloth as a photothermal electrothermal membrane and combined with water supply channels and thermal insulation devices to form an efficient evaporation system. The evaporation performance test results showed that the net evaporation rate of the designed evaporation system was up to 1.5 kg·m^-2·h^-1 under 1 standard sunlight irradiation, while the net evaporation rate rose to 5.08 kg·m^-2·h^-1 under the combination of the current of 2 A, the evaporation rate was 0.6 kg·m^-2·h^-1 higher than the sum of the two energy inputs. In addition, this evaporation system is simple, easy to scale up, providing a new idea for the green and efficient enhancement of the fresh water production.

Key words: combination of solar and electric energy, photothermal electrothermal membrane, interfacial evaporation, evaporation rate, green and efficient

中图分类号:

TQ 95

张昕锐, 陈雪梅. CNT/PVA@碳布膜的光电联合驱动界面蒸发性能研究[J]. 化工学报, DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20231054.

Xinrui ZHANG, Xuemei CHEN. CNT/PVA@Carbon-cloth membrane for performance study of solar and electric-driven interfacial evaporation[J]. CIESC Journal, DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20231054.

图/表 9

图1 CNT/PVA@CC膜制备工艺示意图

Fig.1 Schematic drawing of the fabrication process of CNT/PVA@CC membrane

图2 基底、供水和隔热结构

Fig.2 The substrate, water supply and insulation structure

图3 实验装置（左）和光能电能蒸发器（右）原理图

Fig.3 Schematics of experimental setup (left) and configuration of interfacial evaporator coupling solar and electrical energy (right)

图4 CC、CNT@CC和CNT/PVA@CC的表面形貌图像

Fig.4 SEM images of CC, CNT@CC and CNT/PVA@CC

图5 CC、CNT@CC和CNT/PVA@CC膜的表征

Fig.5 Characterization of CC, CNT@CC and CNT/PVA@CC membrane

图6 使用不同孔径大小亚克力基板蒸发器的蒸发性能（蒸发器的光热层均为CC膜）

Fig.6 Evaporation performance of the evaporator with acrylic plates of different hole sizes (the photothermal layer is CC membrane)

图7 不同CNT喷涂量的CNT/PVA@CC膜的光热与电热特性

Fig.7 Photothermal and electrothermal characteristics of CNT/PVA@CC membranes with different CNT spray amounts

图8 CNT/PVA@CC膜在仅光热、仅电热和光电联合作用下的蒸发性能表现

Fig.8 Evaporation performance of CNT/PVA@CC membranes under solely solar energy, and solely electrical energy, as well as solar coupled electrical energy

图9 CNT/PVA@CC膜的海水淡化性能表现

Fig.9 The seawater desalination performance of CNT/PVA@CC membrane

参考文献 41

1	Kåresdotter E, Destouni G, Ghajarnia N, et al. Distinguishing direct human-driven effects on the global terrestrial water cycle[J]. Earth's Future, 2022, 10(8): e2022EF002848.
2	Alvarez P J J, Chan C K, Elimelech M, et al. Emerging opportunities for nanotechnology to enhance water security[J]. Nature Nanotechnology, 2018, 13: 634-641.
3	Wang J L, Kong Y, Liu Z, et al. Solar-driven interfacial evaporation: design and application progress of structural evaporators and functional distillers[J]. Nano Energy, 2023, 108: 108115.
4	Chen C J, Kuang Y D, Hu L B. Challenges and opportunities for solar evaporation[J]. Joule, 2019, 3(3): 683-718.
5	Li Z T, Xu X T, Sheng X R, et al. Solar-powered sustainable water production: state-of-the-art technologies for sunlight-energy-water nexus[J]. ACS Nano, 2021, 15(8): 12535-12566.
6	Tao P, Ni G, Song C Y, et al. Solar-driven interfacial evaporation[J]. Nature Energy, 2018, 3: 1031-1041.
7	Wang Z, Horseman T, Straub A P, et al. Pathways and challenges for efficient solar-thermal desalination[J]. Science Advances, 2019, 5(7): eaax0763.
8	Zhang L N, Xu Z Y, Bhatia B, et al. Modeling and performance analysis of high-efficiency thermally-localized multistage solar stills[J]. Applied Energy, 2020, 266: 114864.
9	Zhao F, Guo Y H, Zhou X Y, et al. Materials for solar-powered water evaporation[J]. Nature Reviews Materials, 2020, 5: 388-401.
10	Gao M M, Peh C K, Phan H T, et al. Solar absorber gel: localized macro-nano heat channeling for efficient plasmonic Au nanoflowers photothermic vaporization and triboelectric generation[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2018, 8(25): 1800711.
11	Zhu L L, Gao M M, Peh C K N, et al. Self-contained monolithic carbon sponges for solar-driven interfacial water evaporation distillation and electricity generation[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2018, 8(16): 1702149.
12	Cui Y Y, Liu J, Li Z Q, et al. Donor–acceptor-type organic-small-molecule-based solar-energy-absorbing material for highly efficient water evaporation and thermoelectric power generation[J]. Advanced Functional Materials, 2021, 31(49): 2106247.
13	Wu G Z, Bing N C, Li Y F, et al. Three-dimensional directional cellulose-based carbon aerogels composite phase change materials with enhanced broadband absorption for light-thermal-electric conversion[J]. Energy Conversion and Management, 2022, 256: 115361.
14	Zhu L L, Ding T P, Gao M M, et al. Shape conformal and thermal insulative organic solar absorber sponge for photothermal water evaporation and thermoelectric power generation[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2019, 9(22): 1900250.
15	Yang P H, Liu K, Chen Q, et al. Solar-driven simultaneous steam production and electricity generation from salinity[J]. Energy & Environmental Science, 2017, 10(9): 1923-1927.
16	Hu Y J, Yao H Z, Liao Q H, et al. The promising solar-powered water purification based on graphene functional architectures[J]. EcoMat, 2022, 4(5): e12205.
17	Li C X, Cao S J, Lutzki J, et al. A covalent organic framework/graphene dual-region hydrogel for enhanced solar-driven water generation[J]. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2022, 144(7): 3083-3090.
18	Li X Q, Xie W R, Zhu J. Interfacial solar steam/vapor generation for heating and cooling[J]. Advanced Science, 2022, 9(6): e2104181.
19	Huang J, He Y R, Hu Y W, et al. Coupled photothermal and joule-heating process for stable and efficient interfacial evaporation[J]. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, 2019, 203: 110156.
20	Chu Z, Liu Z, Li Z, et al. Hierarchical unidirectional fluidic solar-electro-thermal evaporator for all-day efficient water purification[J]. Materials Today Sustainability, 2022, 19: 100223.
21	马佳香. 太阳能光电联合蒸发用于高效海水淡化的研究[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学, 2019.
	Ma J X. Solar evaporator based on photo-electro-thermal for efficient seawater desalination[D].Harbin: Harbin Institute of Technology, 2019.
22	Zhu M W, Li Y J, Chen F J, et al. Plasmonic wood for high-efficiency solar steam generation[J]. Advanced Energy Materials, 2018, 8(4): 1701028.
23	Chala T F, Wu C M, Chou M H, et al. Melt electrospun reduced tungsten oxide/polylactic acid fiber membranes as a photothermal material for light-driven interfacial water evaporation[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2018, 10(34): 28955-28962.
24	Jiang Q S, Tian L M, Liu K K, et al. Bilayered biofoam for highly efficient solar steam generation[J]. Advanced Materials, 2016, 28(42): 9400-9407.
25	Zhou X Y, Zhao F, Guo Y H, et al. A hydrogel-based antifouling solar evaporator for highly efficient water desalination[J]. Energy & Environmental Science, 2018, 11(8): 1985-1992.
26	Yang T, Lin H, Lin K T, et al. Carbon-based absorbers for solar evaporation: Steam generation and beyond [J]. Sustainable Materials and Technologies, 2020, 25: e00182.
27	Wang M, Hou Y Q, Yu L J, et al. Anomalies of ionic/molecular transport in nano and sub-nano confinement[J]. Nano Letters, 2020, 20(10): 6937-6946.
28	Kim H, Jeon D Y, Jang S G, et al. Synergetic effect of BN for the electrical conductivity of CNT/PAN composite fiber[J]. Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology, 2022, 36(6): 3103-3107.
29	Tan X, Cheng Y, Wang S L. Design of interface-stable Janus solar-energy evaporator[J]. International Journal of Thermal Sciences, 2022, 179: 107712.
30	Liu X H, Liu Z C, Devadutta Mishra D, et al. Evaporation rate far beyond the input solar energy limit enabled by introducing convective flow[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2022, 429: 132335.
31	Li X Q, Ni G, Cooper T, et al. Measuring conversion efficiency of solar vapor generation[J]. Joule, 2019, 3(8): 1798-1803.
32	Cao P, Zhao L M, Zhang J, et al. Gradient heating effect modulated by hydrophobic/hydrophilic carbon nanotube network structures for ultrafast solar steam generation[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2021, 13(16): 19109-19116.
33	Lin Z X, Wu T T, Jia B X, et al. Nature-inspired poly(N-phenylglycine)/wood solar evaporation system for high-efficiency desalination and water purification[J]. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2022, 637: 128272.
34	Zhang X Y, Peng Y J, Shi L Y, et al. Highly efficient solar evaporator based on a hydrophobic association hydrogel[J]. ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering, 2020, 8(49): 18114-18125.
35	Ma X L, Jia X D, Yao G C, et al. Umbrella evaporator for continuous solar vapor generation and salt harvesting from seawater[J]. Cell Reports Physical Science, 2022, 3(7): 100940.
36	Kuang Y D, Chen C J, He S M, et al. A high-performance self-regenerating solar evaporator for continuous water desalination[J]. Advanced Materials, 2019, 31(23): e1900498.
37	Fang Q L, Li T T, Chen Z M, et al. Full biomass-derived solar stills for robust and stable evaporation to collect clean water from various water-bearing media[J]. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2019, 11(11): 10672-10679.
38	Zhang L J, Wang X C, Xu X H, et al. A Janus solar evaporator with photocatalysis and salt resistance for water purification[J]. Separation and Purification Technology, 2022, 298: 121643.
39	Tariq M Z, Hanif Z, Kim B, et al. Solvent-free fabrication of photothermal polypyrrole-coated sulfur particles for solar steam generation[J]. Applied Surface Science, 2023, 612: 155815.
40	Li T T, Fang Q L, Wang J Q, et al. Exceptional interfacial solar evaporation via heteromorphic PTFE/CNT hollow fiber arrays[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2021, 9(1): 390-399.
41	Sun Z Z, Li W Z, Song W L, et al. A high-efficiency solar desalination evaporator composite of corn stalk, Mcnts and TiO₂: ultra-fast capillary water moisture transportation and porous bio-tissue multi-layer filtration[J]. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 2020, 8(1): 349-357.

[1]	陈爱强, 代艳奇, 刘悦, 刘斌, 吴翰铭. 基板温度对HFE7100液滴蒸发过程的影响研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 191-197.
[2]	陈宁光, 甘云华. 基于格子Boltzmann方法的荷电液滴蒸发及传热研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(12): 4829-4839.
[3]	王洁冰, 高金彤, 徐震原. 基于不同类型溶液蒸气压特性的太阳能界面蒸发实验研究[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(2): 663-671.
[4]	席向峰，张峰榛，魏文韫，余徽. 自由降落液柱流的绝热蒸发 [J]. CIESC Journal, 2011, 62(3): 730-735.
[5]	张峰榛，魏文韫，余徽，夏素兰，朱家骅. 连续液柱流表面真空蒸发模型[J]. CIESC Journal, 2011, 62(12): 3323-3329.