基于不同类型溶液蒸气压特性的太阳能界面蒸发实验研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20210916

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

太阳能界面蒸发可实现高效太阳能海水淡化和蒸发式污水处理，但目前的研究大多局限于纯水或NaCl溶液。实际脱盐或废水处理中溶质会与此不同，导致溶液蒸气压变化并影响蒸发性能。本文首先分析了溶液表面蒸气压曲线类型，将其分为上凸型、下凹型和直线型。针对这几种蒸气压曲线进一步选取[EMIM][OTf]、[EMIM][Ac]和NaCl水溶液作为代表溶液，在不同辐照强度和浓度下进行了实验研究，并与纯水的蒸发作对比。实验结果表明：低浓度下[EMIM][OTf]水溶液展现出了良好的蒸发性能，主要原因是由于其蒸气压处于上凸区间；当溶液浓度升高或辐照强度提升时，[EMIM][OTf]溶液的蒸发速率提升较NaCl水溶液小，主要原因在于蒸发过程的浓度极化导致气液界面处的[EMIM][OTf]浓度升高，蒸气压相差较小；不同工况下[EMIM][Ac]水溶液的蒸发速率均较慢，纯水的蒸发速率最快，体现了蒸气压对蒸发性能的关键影响，原因是低蒸气压导致高蒸发温度，并带来更多的能量损失。

关键词: 汽液平衡, 蒸发, 界面蒸发, 溶液, 太阳能, 水处理

Abstract:

Solar interface evaporation can achieve high-efficiency solar desalination and evaporative sewage treatment, but most of the current research is limited to pure water or NaCl solution. The actual solute in desalination and wastewater treatment will be different, which will lead to different vapor liquid equivalent behavior of the solution and affect the evaporation performance, but the research in this area is lack. This work analyzes different vapor pressure curves of the solution with different concentration, and divides them into three types: convex type, concave type and straight type,and further selects [EMIM][OTf]/H₂O, [EMIM][Ac]/H₂O and NaCl/H₂O as representative solutions. Experiments were conducted under different irradiation intensities and concentrations, and the evaporation of pure water was compared. The experimental results show that [EMIM][OTf]/H₂O exhibits good evaporation performance under low concentration, the main reason is that its vapor pressure is in the convex region; when the concentration of the solution increases or when the irradiation intensity increases, the evaporation rate of the [EMIM][OTf]/H₂O is lower than that of the NaCl/H₂O, the reason is that the concentration polarization of the evaporation process causes the concentration of [EMIM][OTf]/ H₂O at the gas-liquid interface to increase, and the difference in vapor pressure is small; the evaporation rate of [EMIM][Ac]/H₂O is the lowest under different working condition, while the evaporation rate of pure water is the highest, which reflects the key influence of vapor pressure on evaporation performance, because low vapor pressure leads to high evaporation temperature and more energy loss.

Key words: vapor liquid equilibrium, evaporation, interfacial evaporation, solution, solar energy, water treatment

中图分类号:

TK 519

王洁冰, 高金彤, 徐震原. 基于不同类型溶液蒸气压特性的太阳能界面蒸发实验研究[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(2): 663-671.

Jiebing WANG, Jintong GAO, Zhenyuan XU. Experimental study on solar interfacial evaporation based on vapor pressure characteristics of different solutions[J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(2): 663-671.

图/表 10

图1 不同溶液表面蒸气压随质量分数的变化（25℃）

Fig.1 Variation of surface vapor pressure of different solutions with mass fraction (25℃)

图2 太阳能界面蒸发原理图和实物图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram and physical diagram of solar interfacial evaporation

图3 炭黑负载前（a）和后（b）的棉柔巾对比

Fig.3 Cotton fabric before (a) and after (b) loaded with carbon black

图4 有无负载炭黑的太阳能吸收频谱和标准太阳光谱

Fig.4 Solar absorption spectrum with and without loading carbon black

图5 蒸发实验总装置示意图1—光源;2—蒸发表面;3—热电偶;4—工质;5—天平;6—数据采集仪;7—计算机

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of the total evaporation experiment device

表1 仪器（UNC）和数据采集（DAQ）的测量不确定度

Table 1 Measurement uncertainty from sensor （UNC） and data acquisition （DAQ）

温度（DAQ）/K

质量（UNC，分析天平）/g

质量（DAQ）/g

长度（UNC，游标卡尺）/mm

光照强度（UNC，辐照仪）/(W/m²)

0.02

0.1%

图6 1个光照强度下质量分数为5%的不同工质蒸发速率和蒸发器表面温度

Fig.6 The evaporation rate and temperature of different working fluids with a mass fraction of 5% under a sunlight intensity

图7 不同光照强度下质量分数为5%的不同工质的质量变化、蒸发器表面温度和蒸发速率

Fig.7 The mass change, temperature of the evaporator surface and evaporation rate of different working fluids with a mass fraction of 5% under different sunlight intensities

图8 1个光照强度下质量分数为5%和10%的不同工质的蒸发器表面温度与蒸发速率

Fig.8 The temperature of the evaporator surface and evaporation rate of different working fluids with a mass fraction of 5% and 10% under one sunlight intensity

图9 质量分数为3.5%的NaCl溶液和[EMIM][OTf]溶液长时间蒸发的质量变化、蒸发器表面温度变化、蒸发速率变化和3.5 h后蒸发器表面图

Fig.9 The mass change， the change of evaporator surface temperature, the change of evaporation rate, of 3.5% NaCl solution and [EMIM][OTf] solution for long-term evaporation, and the surface map of the evaporator after 3.5 h

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