• •
刘锋1(), 毕如洁1, 汪全2, 匡照1, 孟祥帅1, 黄国强1
收稿日期:
2024-06-22
修回日期:
2024-07-21
出版日期:
2024-08-19
通讯作者:
刘锋
作者简介:
刘锋(1976—),男,博士,副教授,hyli@aust.edu.cn
基金资助:
Feng LIU1(), Rujie BI1, Quan WANG2, Zhao KUANG1, Xiangshuai MENG1, Guoqiang HUANG1
Received:
2024-06-22
Revised:
2024-07-21
Online:
2024-08-19
Contact:
Feng LIU
摘要:
为研究振动作用对不同水含量现场混装乳化炸药基质稳定性的影响,通过使用调速振荡器模拟基质试样在运输过程中可能经历的振动和颠簸条件,测试受振动前后基质试样的微观结构、硝酸铵析出量、内相粒径和黏度变化。实验结果表明:随着水含量由16%增长至20%,乳化炸药基质内相粒径由6.431 μm减小至4.904 μm,乳化炸药基质的抗振动性能呈现先改善后削弱的变化趋势。水含量20%的试样在4个振动周期后出现严重的析晶破乳现象,8个周期后析晶量增大9.72倍,黏度增长161%,抗振动性能最差;水含量18%的试样在4个周期后仍保持较为完整的W/O型结构,8个周期后析晶量增大6.71倍,黏度增长144%,抗振动性能最佳。水含量过高的基质更易受振动作用影响而破乳析晶,当水含量为18%时,该配方制备的现场混装乳化炸药黏度满足泵送要求,在振动作用影响下的析晶量、黏度变化率最小,抗振动能力最优,稳定性最佳。
中图分类号:
刘锋, 毕如洁, 汪全, 匡照, 孟祥帅, 黄国强. 振动作用对不同水含量现场混装乳化炸药基质稳定性的影响[J]. 化工学报, DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20240702.
Feng LIU, Rujie BI, Quan WANG, Zhao KUANG, Xiangshuai MENG, Guoqiang HUANG. Effect of vibration on the stability of on-site mixed emulsion explosive matrix with different water contents[J]. CIESC Journal, DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20240702.
编号 | 质量分数/% | 密度/ g·cm-³ | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
硝酸铵 | 硝酸钠 | 尿素 | H2O | 0#柴油 | 机油 | Span-80 | ||
1# | 72 | 3 | 2 | 16 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 1.5 | 1.387 |
2# | 71 | 3 | 2 | 17 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 1.5 | 1.376 |
3# | 70 | 3 | 2 | 18 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 1.5 | 1.363 |
4# | 69 | 3 | 2 | 19 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 1.5 | 1.349 |
5# | 68 | 3 | 2 | 20 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 1.5 | 1.332 |
表1 变更水含量的基质配方
Table 1 The matrix formula of water content change
编号 | 质量分数/% | 密度/ g·cm-³ | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
硝酸铵 | 硝酸钠 | 尿素 | H2O | 0#柴油 | 机油 | Span-80 | ||
1# | 72 | 3 | 2 | 16 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 1.5 | 1.387 |
2# | 71 | 3 | 2 | 17 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 1.5 | 1.376 |
3# | 70 | 3 | 2 | 18 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 1.5 | 1.363 |
4# | 69 | 3 | 2 | 19 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 1.5 | 1.349 |
5# | 68 | 3 | 2 | 20 | 2.5 | 3.0 | 1.5 | 1.332 |
图1 振动前后基质试样微观结构 (从左到右分别是0、2、4、6、8周期)
Fig.1 Microstructure of matrix sample before and after vibration (From left to right are cycles 0, 2, 4, 6 and 8)
编号 | 1# | 2# | 3# | 4# | 5# |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
D[3,2]/ μm | 6.431 | 6.018 | 5.576 | 5.483 | 4.904 |
表2 振动前基质试样内相粒径测试结果
Table 2 Test results of internal phase particle size of matrix
编号 | 1# | 2# | 3# | 4# | 5# |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
D[3,2]/ μm | 6.431 | 6.018 | 5.576 | 5.483 | 4.904 |
振动周期 | 平均粒径D[3,2] / μm | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1# | 2# | 3# | 4# | 5# | |
0 | 6.431 | 6.018 | 5.576 | 5.483 | 4.904 |
1 | 6.425 | 6.004 | 5.624 | 5.563 | 4.852 |
2 | 6.426 | 6.006 | 5.588 | 5.518 | 4.842 |
3 | 6.424 | 6.027 | 5.509 | 5.496 | 4.916 |
4 | 6.425 | 6.017 | 5.535 | 5.531 | 4.882 |
5 | 6.429 | 5.996 | 5.586 | 5.454 | 4.958 |
6 | 6.439 | 5.994 | 5.617 | 5.497 | 4.833 |
7 | 6.434 | 6.122 | 5.587 | 5.494 | 4.951 |
8 | 6.427 | 6.025 | 5.543 | 5.432 | 4.947 |
表3 五组试样在各振动周期的粒径测试结果
Table 3 The particle size test results of five groups of samples in each vibration period
振动周期 | 平均粒径D[3,2] / μm | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1# | 2# | 3# | 4# | 5# | |
0 | 6.431 | 6.018 | 5.576 | 5.483 | 4.904 |
1 | 6.425 | 6.004 | 5.624 | 5.563 | 4.852 |
2 | 6.426 | 6.006 | 5.588 | 5.518 | 4.842 |
3 | 6.424 | 6.027 | 5.509 | 5.496 | 4.916 |
4 | 6.425 | 6.017 | 5.535 | 5.531 | 4.882 |
5 | 6.429 | 5.996 | 5.586 | 5.454 | 4.958 |
6 | 6.439 | 5.994 | 5.617 | 5.497 | 4.833 |
7 | 6.434 | 6.122 | 5.587 | 5.494 | 4.951 |
8 | 6.427 | 6.025 | 5.543 | 5.432 | 4.947 |
编号 | 振动周期/d | 消耗氢氧化钠溶液平均体积V /mL | 硝酸铵析出量M /g |
---|---|---|---|
1# | 0 2 4 6 8 | 5.22 7.85 14.94 21.43 25.47 | 0.0301 0.0452 0.0861 0.1235 0.1468 |
2# | 0 2 4 6 8 | 4.18 7.31 13.24 20.34 24.19 | 0.0241 0.0421 0.0763 0.1172 0.1394 |
3# | 0 2 4 6 8 | 3.31 4.27 8.90 16.36 20.37 | 0.0175 0.0246 0.0513 0.0943 0.1174 |
4# | 0 2 4 6 8 | 2.92 4.91 11.77 21.36 25.89 | 0.0168 0.0283 0.0678 0.1231 0.1492 |
5# | 0 2 4 6 8 | 2.81 5.15 12.74 22.69 27.31 | 0.0162 0.0297 0.0734 0.1308 0.1574 |
表4 各振动周期下硝酸铵析晶量的滴定结果
Table 4 Titration results of crystallization amount of ammonium nitrate in each vibration period
编号 | 振动周期/d | 消耗氢氧化钠溶液平均体积V /mL | 硝酸铵析出量M /g |
---|---|---|---|
1# | 0 2 4 6 8 | 5.22 7.85 14.94 21.43 25.47 | 0.0301 0.0452 0.0861 0.1235 0.1468 |
2# | 0 2 4 6 8 | 4.18 7.31 13.24 20.34 24.19 | 0.0241 0.0421 0.0763 0.1172 0.1394 |
3# | 0 2 4 6 8 | 3.31 4.27 8.90 16.36 20.37 | 0.0175 0.0246 0.0513 0.0943 0.1174 |
4# | 0 2 4 6 8 | 2.92 4.91 11.77 21.36 25.89 | 0.0168 0.0283 0.0678 0.1231 0.1492 |
5# | 0 2 4 6 8 | 2.81 5.15 12.74 22.69 27.31 | 0.0162 0.0297 0.0734 0.1308 0.1574 |
1 | 汪旭光. 乳化炸药[M]. 2版. 北京: 冶金工业出版社, 2008. |
Wang X G. Emulsion explosives[M].2nd ed. Beijing: Metallurgical Industry Press, 2008. | |
2 | 王阳. 现场混装乳胶基质远程配送稳定性研究[D]. 北京: 北京科技大学, 2020. |
Wang Y. Study on Stability of Remote Distribution of Mixed Latex Matrix on Site[D]. Beijing: University of Science and Technology Beijing, 2020. | |
3 | 李鑫, 查正清. 远程配送乳胶基质专用运输车的研制[J]. 工程爆破, 2014, 20(3): 40-42. |
Li X, Zha Z Q. Development of special transport vehicle for long-distance distribution of emulsion matrix[J]. Engineering Blasting, 2014, 20(3): 40-42. | |
4 | Califano V, Calabria R, Massoli P. Experimental evaluation of the effect of emulsion stability on micro-explosion phenomena for water-in-oil emulsions[J]. Fuel, 2014, 117: 87-94. |
5 | Coolbaugh T S, Mahamat H O. Explosive emulsion compositions containing modified copolymers of isoprene, butadiene, and/or styrene: US20030024619[P]. 2003-02-06. |
6 | Masalova I, Malkin A Y, Ferg E, et al. Evolution of rheological properties of highly concentrated emulsions with aging—Emulsion-to-suspension transition[J]. Journal of Rheology, 2006, 50(4): 435-451. |
7 | Zhao H R, Wu J, Xu M X, et al. Advances in the rheology of emulsion explosive[J]. Journal of Molecular Liquids, 2021, 336: 116854. |
8 | 吴秋洁, 陈相, 谭柳, 等. 结晶亚硝酸钠混入对乳化炸药安全性的影响[J]. 化工学报, 2017, 68(5): 2211-2215. |
Wu Q J, Chen X, Tan L, et al. Influence of crystalloid NaNO2 on safety of emulsion explosive[J]. CIESC Journal, 2017, 68(5): 2211-2215. | |
9 | 陈龙, 吴竞, 崔珍珍, 等. 油水相界面张力对乳化炸药性能的影响[J]. 爆破器材, 2017, 46(5): 8-12. |
Chen L, Wu J, Cui Z Z, et al. Effect of oil-water interfacial tension on properties of emulsion explosives[J]. Explosive Materials, 2017, 46(5): 8-12. | |
10 | 齐秀芳, 王杰, 何俊蓉, 等. 耐低温乳胶基质的制备与性能测试[J]. 火炸药学报, 2019, 42(5): 480-484. |
Qi X F, Wang J, He J R, et al. Preparation and characterization of emulsion matrix with low temperature resistance[J]. Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants, 2019, 42(5): 480-484. | |
11 | 黄胜松, 赵明生, 张义平, 等. 水相pH对现场混装乳化炸药基质储存稳定性的影响研究[J]. 矿业研究与开发, 2020, 40(7): 111-114. |
Huang S S, Zhao M S, Zhang Y P, et al. Effect of pH value of aqueous phase on storage stability of on-site mixed emulsion explosive matrix[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2020, 40(7): 111-114. | |
12 | 赵明生, 张力, 韦剑, 等. 水相组分对混装乳化炸药的性能影响研究[J]. 工程爆破, 2021, 27(5): 90-92, 106. |
Zhao M S, Zhang L, Wei J, et al. Study on the influence of water phase components on mixed emulsified explosives[J]. Engineering Blasting, 2021, 27(5): 90-92, 106. | |
13 | 姚干兵, 郭子如. 水对乳化炸药性能的影响[J]. 煤矿爆破, 2002, 58(3): 1-5. |
Yao G B, Guo Z R. Influence of water on the performance of emulsion explosive[J]. Coal Mine Blasting, 2002, 58(3): 1-5. | |
14 | 李公华. 水相对乳化炸药性能影响的实验研究[D]. 淮南: 安徽理工大学, 2014. |
Li G H. Experimental study on the effect of water on the phase on the properties of emulsion explosives[D]. Huainan: Anhui University of Science & Technology, 2014. | |
15 | 迟平, 王枚. 水含量对乳化炸药热稳定性的影响[J]. 煤矿爆破, 2015(4): 20-22. |
Chi P, Wang M. Influence of water content on the thermal stability of emulsion explosive[J]. Coal Mine Blasting, 2015.(4): 20-22. | |
16 | 洪德凯. 轻型载货汽车振动分析与减振设计[D]. 淄博: 山东理工大学, 2020. |
Hong D K. Vibration analysis and vibration reduction design of light truck[D]. Zibo: Shandong University of Technology, 2020. | |
17 | 吴鹏. 加速老化对车载乳胶基质的安全性影响[D]. 南京: 南京理工大学, 2016. |
Wu P. Effect of accelerated aging on the safety of vehicle-mounted latex matrix[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 2016. | |
18 | 王阳, 汪旭光, 陶铁军, 等. 乳胶基质模拟运输试验研究[J]. 矿业研究与开发, 2017, 37(4): 99-102. |
Wang Y, Wang X G, Tao T J, et al. Experimental study on simulation transport of emulsion matrix[J]. Mining Research and Development, 2017, 37(4): 99-102. | |
19 | 陆坤权, 刘寄星. 软物质物理学导论[M]. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 2006. |
Lu K Q, Liu J X. Introduction to soft matter physics[M]. Beijing: Peking University Press, 2006. | |
20 | 王阳, 汪旭光, 陶铁军, 等. 乳化基质自然储存失稳机理研究[J]. 爆破, 2017, 34(2): 110-116, 126 |
Wang Y, Wang X G, Tao T J, et al. Instability mechanism of emulsion explosive matrix suffering long-time storage[J]. Blasting, 2017, 34(2): 110-116, 26. | |
21 | Choi C S, Prask H J, Prince E. Phase transitions in ammonium nitrate[J]. Journal of Applied Crystallography, 1980, 13(5): 403-409. |
22 | Leal-Calderon F, Bibette J, Schmitt V. Emulsion Science: Basic Principles[M]. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2007. |
23 | 宋锦泉, 汪旭光. 乳化炸药的稳定性探讨[J]. 火炸药学报, 2002, 25(1): 36-40. |
Song J Q, Wang X G. Discussion on stability of emulsion explosives[J]. Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants, 2002, 25(1): 36-40. | |
24 | 刘杰, 徐志祥, 孔煜. 乳化炸药稳定性及其破乳机理研究[J]. 爆破器材, 2015, 44(6): 38-42. |
Liu J, Xu Z X, Kong Y. Storage stability and demulsion mechanism of emulsion explosives[J]. Explosive Materials, 2015, 44(6): 38-42. | |
25 | 吕春绪. 工业炸药理论[M]. 北京: 兵器工业出版社, 2003. |
Lv C X. Industrial explosive theory[M]. Beijing: The Publishing House of Ordnance Industry, 2003. | |
26 | 王进. 乳胶体系的稳定性及破乳方法研究[D]. 南京: 南京理工大学, 2008. |
Wang J. Study on stability of latex system and demulsification method[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 2008. | |
27 | 吴红波, 钱海, 朱帅, 等. 现场混装用低黏度乳化炸药的性能研究[J]. 安徽化工, 2016, 42(6): 63-66. |
Wu H B, Qian H, Zhu S, et al. Performance study on low viscosity of on-site mixing emulsion explosive[J]. Anhui Chemical Industry, 2016, 42(6): 63-66. | |
28 | 缪志军, 吴红波, 颜事龙, 等. 黏度对乳胶基质稳定性影响的实验研究[J]. 安徽理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2015, 35(4): 28-30. |
Miao Z J, Wu H B, Yan S L, et al. Experimental study on effect of viscosity on emulsion matrix stability[J]. Journal of Anhui University of Science and Technology (Natural Science), 2015, 35(4): 28-30. | |
29 | 赵国玺. 表面活性剂物理化学[M]. 2版. 北京: 北京大学出版社, 1991. |
Zhao G X. Physical chemistry of surfactant[M]. 2nd ed. Beijing: Peking University Press, 1991. | |
30 | 宋家良. 乳化炸药的几何稳定性理论研究[J]. 煤矿爆破, 2005(4): 1-3. |
Song J L. A theoretical study on the geometry stability of emulsion explosive[J]. Coal Mine Blasting, 2005(4): 1-3. | |
31 | 张阳, 汪旭光, 王阳, 等. 基于逾渗理论对乳胶基质老化过程的分析[J]. 化工学报, 2017, 68(7): 2938-2945. |
Zhang Y, Wang X G, Wang Y, et al. Aging analysis of emulsion explosive matrix based on percolation theory[J]. CIESC Journal, 2017, 68(7): 2938-2945. |
[1] | 刘锋, 汪全, 吴攀宇, 魏国, 何祥. 内相粒径对现场混装乳化炸药基质抗振动性能的影响[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(9): 4217-4225. |
[2] | 刘丹, 成毅, 胡明月, 盛倩云, 周昊. 湿烟气工况下齿形螺旋翅片管束的性能研究[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(2): 575-583. |
[3] | 王慧丽, 周国兵. 局部低温诱发过冷三水醋酸钠释能特性实验研究[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(9): 3346-3352. |
[4] | 孙晓林, 郭晓镭, 陆海峰, 龚欣. 呼伦贝尔褐煤等温干燥过程[J]. 化工学报, 2015, 66(7): 2628-2635. |
[5] | 段颖异1,2,陈洪章1. 固态发酵基质的三相结构变化对其传递性质的影响[J]. 化工学报, 2012, 63(4): 1204-1210. |
[6] | 司朝勇;吴素芳;许海丹;吕秀阳. 含水量对氧化铝柱色谱法同时分离纯化卵磷脂和脑磷脂的影响 [J]. CIESC Journal, 2005, 56(4): 689-693. |
[7] | 李建国,赵丽娟,陈国华,周明. 生物物料的流化床干燥:两个案例研究[J]. CIESC Journal, 2004, 12(6): 840-842. |
[8] | 吴江, 刘健辉, 袁权. α-纤维素膜气体分离性能 [J]. 化工学报, 2003, 54(3): 333-338. |
[9] | 马丽萍; 陈静德; 戴晓雁. 含水树脂吸附剂在烃-醇二元溶液中的吸附 [J]. CIESC Journal, 2002, 53(1): 11-16. |
阅读次数 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
全文 261
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
摘要 34
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||