埋地输气管道泄漏特性实验研究

doi:10.11949/j.issn.0438-1157.20180944

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为给埋地输气管道发生泄漏事故的后果分析提供边界条件，采用自行设计的环道装置，以空气作为实验介质，在不同土壤埋深（0~60 cm）、泄漏孔径（1~4 mm）和泄漏压力（10~50 kPa）条件下进行埋地管道气体泄漏实验，研究不同条件下气体泄漏量、动态压力、泄漏点前压力降的变化规律。对实验数据进行拟合，得到泄漏量与土壤埋深、泄漏孔径、泄漏压力的定量关系式，泄漏量与动态压力幅值的定量关系式，泄漏量与泄漏点前压力降的定量关系式。将计算结果与架空管道气体泄漏量计算的理论模型做对比，通过引入系数 $α$ ，得出适用于小孔泄漏（d ≤ 20 mm）、亚音速流动（P≤ 90 kPa）条件下埋地输气管道泄漏量预测的定量关系式。

关键词: 埋地管道, 泄漏量, 动态压力, 压力降, 拟合

Abstract:

To provide boundary conditions for the analysis of the consequences of the accident, a self designed loop device was adopted. Air was used as experimental medium. The buried pipeline gas leakage experiment was carried out under different soil depths (0—60 cm), leak hole diameter (1—4 mm) and leakage pressure (10—50 kPa). The variation of gas leakage amount, dynamic pressure and pressure drop before leak point under different conditions were studied. The results showed that when other conditions remained the same, dynamic pressure peak increased as the leakage pressure increased, increased as the leak hole diameter incresed and decreased as the soil depth increased. In the process of leakage, the gasflow rate increased before the leak point and decreased after the leak point, then, the pressure and gas flow rate in the pipeline remained stable quickly. The gas leakage amount decreased as the soil depth increased, but the influence was small. The gas leakage amount increased approximately exponentially with the increases of leak hole diameter, the gas leakage amount increased linearly with the increases of leakage pressure. The larger the dynamic pressure peak, the larger the gas leakage amount. The larger the gas leakage amount, the larger the pressure drop before the leak point. The quantitative relation formula between gas leakage amount with soil depth, leak hole diameter and leakage pressure, quantitative relation formula between gas leakage amount with dynamic pressure peak, quantitative relation formula between gas leakage amount with pressure drop before leak point were fitted by Matlab program. To generalize the formula, the calculation results were compared with the theoretical model for calculating gas leakage amount of overhead pipelines. By adding the coefficient $α$ , three quantitative relations of gas leakage amount of buried gas pipeline under the condition of small hole leakage (d ≤ 20 mm) and subsonic flow (P≤ 90 kPa) were obtained.

Key words: buried pipeline, leakage amount, dynamic pressure, pressure drop, fitting

中图分类号:

TE 832

梁杰, 李玉星, 刘翠伟, 朱建鲁, 王少雄, 刘纳. 埋地输气管道泄漏特性实验研究[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(4): 1635-1643.

Jie LIANG, Yuxing LI, Cuiwei LIU, Jianlu ZHU, Shaoxiong WANG, Na LIU. Experimental study on leakage characteristics of buried gas pipelines[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(4): 1635-1643.

图/表 15

图1 埋地输气管道泄漏实验系统结构

Fig.1 Structure diagram of buried gas pipeline leakage experimental system

图2 埋地输气管道泄漏实验环道

Fig.2 Buried gas pipeline leakage experimental loop

图3 泄漏孔实物图

Fig.3 Physical diagram of leak hole

图4 d=2 mm，h=60 cm，P=10 kPa条件下动态压力随时间的变化曲线

Fig.4 Profiles of dynamic pressure with time under d=2 mm,h=60 cm, P=10 kPa

图5 d=2 mm时动态压力幅值随土壤埋深的变化曲线

Fig.5 Profiles of dynamic pressure peak with depth of soil under d=2 mm

图6 P=30 kPa时动态压力幅值随泄漏孔径的变化曲线

Fig.6 Profiles of dynamic pressure peak with leak hole diameter under P=30 kPa

图7 h= 60 cm时动态压力幅值随压力的变化曲线

Fig.7 Profiles of dynamic pressure peak with leakage pressure under h= 60 cm

图8 泄漏点前后流量以及泄漏量随时间的变化曲线

Fig.8 Profiles of flow rate before and after leakage point and leakage amount with time

图9 d=2 mm时泄漏量随土壤埋深的变化曲线

Fig.9 Profiles of leakage amount with depth of soil under d=2 mm

图10 P=30 kPa时泄漏量随泄漏孔径的变化曲线

Fig.10 Profiles of leakage amount with leak hole diameter under P=30 kPa

图11 h=60 cm时泄漏量随泄漏压力的变化曲线

Fig.11 Profiles of leakage amount with leakage pressure under h=60 cm

图12 架空管道气体泄漏模型

Fig.12 Gas leakage model for overhead pipelines

表1 泄漏量预测结果以及误差分析

Table 1 Prediction results of leakage and error analysis

d / mm	P / kPa	Q /(m³/h)		相对误差/ %
d / mm	P / kPa	预测值	理论值	相对误差/ %
10	10	33.012	33.404	-1.174
	20	47.593	47.075	1.100
	30	58.051	57.453	1.040
	40	66.449	66.113	0.509
	50	73.581	73.665	-0.114
	60	79.845	80.427	-0.723
	70	85.471	86.586	-1.288
	80	90.605	92.267	-1.801
	90	95.345	97.555	-2.266
20	10	132.049	133.617	-1.174
	20	190.370	188.299	1.100
	30	232.204	229.813	1.040
	40	265.796	264.451	0.509
	50	294.325	294.662	-0.114
	60	319.382	321.708	-0.723
	70	341.886	346.346	-1.288
	80	362.419	369.068	-1.801
	90	381.379	390.221	-2.266

图13 不同动态压力幅值对应泄漏量实验数据与拟合曲线

Fig.13 Experimental data and fitting curves of leakage amount to different dynamic pressure peaks

图14 不同压力降对应的泄漏量实验数据与拟合曲线

Fig.14 Fitting curves of experimental leakage amount to different pressure drops

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