全浓度范围下醇类表面活性剂对气泡聚并影响的实验研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20200477

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过实验测量不同醇类表面活性剂在全浓度范围下的气泡聚并时间，进而研究表面活性剂种类及其浓度对气泡聚并的影响。结果表明，加入醇类表面活性剂后，相比于纯液体体系，气泡聚并受到明显抑制，液膜更加稳定，气泡聚并时间延长。低浓度范围内，气泡聚并时间随着表面活性剂浓度的升高显著增长，而在高浓度范围内，气泡聚并时间随着浓度的升高显著缩短。醇类表面活性剂对气泡聚并的抑制作用存在临界浓度。实验测得异丙醇和乙醇对气泡聚并抑制作用最强时对应的临界摩尔分数，分别为0.0030和0.0096。此外，对比不同醇对气泡聚并的抑制作用，发现长碳链醇由于更强空间力而具有更强的抑制气泡聚并能力。最后根据Andrew模型分析表明，表面张力梯度是体现表面活性剂抑制气泡聚并能力的主要因素之一。

关键词: 醇类表面活性剂, 全浓度范围, 气泡聚并, 抑制, 表面张力梯度

Abstract:

By experimentally measuring the bubble coalescence time of different alcohol surfactants in the full concentration range, the effects of surfactant types and their concentrations on bubble coalescence were studied. The results showed that the addition of alcohol surfactant remarkably inhibited the bubble coalescence, resulting in more stable liquid film and longer bubble coalescence time. With increasing alcohol concentration, the bubble coalescence time increased significantly in the low concentration range, but decreased in the high concentration range. The inhibition of bubble coalescence by alcohol surfactant had a critical concentration. The critical molar fraction corresponding to maximum inhibition on bubble coalescence were 0.0030 and 0.0096 for isopropanol and ethanol, respectively. In addition, by comparing the inhibition effects of different alcohols, the results show that the long-chain alcohols have stronger inhibition on bubble coalescence due to their stronger steric force. Finally, according to the Andrew model analysis, the surface tension gradient is one of the main factors that reflect the ability of the surfactant to inhibit bubble coalescence.

Key words: alcohol surfactant, full concentration range, bubble coalescence, inhibition, surface tension gradient

中图分类号:

TQ 021.1

张华海, 王悦琳, 王铁峰. 全浓度范围下醇类表面活性剂对气泡聚并影响的实验研究[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(9): 4161-4167.

Huahai ZHANG, Yuelin WANG, Tiefeng WANG. Experimental study on effect of alcohol surfactants on bubble coalescence in full range of concentrations[J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(9): 4161-4167.

图/表 12

表1 20℃下纯液体物理性质

Table 1 Physical properties of liquids at 20℃

液体	分子式	摩尔质量/ (g/mol)	密度^[27]/ (kg/m³)	黏度^[27]/ (mPa·s)	表面张力/ (N/m)
水	H₂O	18	1000	1.000	0.0725
4-甲基-2-戊醇	C₆H₁₄O	102	808	4.590	0.0253
正丁醇	C₄H₁₀O	74	810	2.950	0.0246
异丙醇	C₃H₈O	60	785	2.431	0.0226
乙醇	C₂H₆O	46	789	1.074	0.0223

图1 溶液表面张力随表面活性剂浓度的变化

Fig.1 Variation of surface tension of aqueous solution with concentration of different surfactants

图2 双气泡聚并实验装置

Fig.2 Experimental apparatus of binary bubble coalescence

图3 不同乙醇浓度下双气泡聚并过程 (R1 = R2 = 2.0 mm)

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of process of bubble coalescence under different mole fractions of ethanol (R1 = R2 = 2.0 mm)

图4 双气泡聚并时间随乙醇摩尔分数的变化

Fig.4 Bubble coalescence time varied with mole fraction of ethanol

图5 乙醇-水溶液体系下气泡尺寸对气泡聚并时间的影响

Fig.5 Effect of bubble size on bubble coalescence time in ethanol aqueous system

图6 乙醇与异丙醇水溶液两种体系中在较宽浓度范围内气泡聚并时间的对比

Fig.6 Comparison of experimental bubble coalescence time in ethanol and isopropanol aqueous systems in wide range of mole fraction

图7 不同表面活性剂对气泡聚并时间的影响

Fig.7 Effect of different surfactants on bubble coalescence time

图8 Marangoni流动对气泡聚并的影响

Fig.8 Effect of Marangoni flow on bubble coalescence

表2 模型参数[31]

Table 2 Model parameters for correlation[31]

醇类表面活性剂	σ₂ /(N/m)	a_c	b_c
4-甲基-2-戊醇	0.0253	0.999	1.055
正丁醇	0.0246	0.992	0.980
异丙醇	0.0226	0.979	0.921
乙醇	0.0223	0.967	0.897

图9 摩尔分数对乙醇水体系下各性质函数的影响

Fig.9 Effect of mole fraction on property functions in ethanol aqueous system

图10 摩尔分数对不同醇类表面活性剂水体系中气泡聚并抑制能力的影响

Fig.10 Effect of mole fraction on inhibition of bubble coalescence with different surfactants

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