惰性气体对粉尘爆炸泄放特性影响的实验研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20201386

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

爆炸泄放和爆炸抑制是工业上降低粉尘爆炸危害性的两个重要手段，同时实现粉尘爆炸抑制和泄放共同作用的效果值得关注。基于标准20 L球形粉尘爆炸装置侧向开泄放口，实验研究不同泄放口径和静态动作压力时CO₂/N₂对石松子粉泄放过程压力的影响，采用热重分析法分析了石松子粉尘分别在CO₂、N₂氛围的热重变化。结果表明，在20 mm泄放口径时，随着CO₂/N₂浓度的增加，泄放压力的降低幅值逐渐增大，且CO₂对粉尘爆炸泄放最大超压的减小效果要优于N₂。泄放压力值随着CO₂浓度的增加基本呈线性降低，当体系中的CO₂和N₂浓度增加到10%时对体系泄放压力值的降低效果开始趋于一致。对于40 mm泄放口径，添加相同浓度的CO₂体系泄放压力值要略低于N₂，降低幅值为6%~8%。对于60 mm泄放口径，CO₂/N₂两者抑制效果差别不大，且在添加浓度不超过8%时对体系泄放压力值的降低幅值影响较小。通过TGA曲线可以发现，在N₂气氛和CO₂气氛的热流条件中，石松子粉的热解过程在370℃左右开始出现明显的差异，CO₂气氛中石松子粉的热解速率要快于其在N₂气氛中的，因此在这个过程中CO₂的存在一定程度上会促进石松子粉的热解，随着热解温度进一步提升，CO₂对石松子粉热解的抑制效果开始逐渐体现。

关键词: 二氧化碳, 粉体, 爆炸, 抑制效果

Abstract:

Explosion venting and explosion suppression are two important means to reduce the hazard of dust explosion in industry. Therefore, the coupling of the two methods to reduce the hazard of dust explosion is worth to attention. The influence of CO₂/N₂ on the pressure release process of lycopodium powder was experimentally studied with different discharge diameters and static activation overpressure by employing standard 20 L spherical dust explosion device with a lateral venting device. The thermogravimetric analysis method was used to analyze the thermogravimetric changes of lycopodium dust in the atmosphere of CO₂ and N₂ respectively. The results show that at 20 mm discharge caliber, with the increase of CO₂/N₂ concentration, the reduction amplitude of discharge pressure gradually increases, and the reduction effect of CO₂ on the maximum overpressure of dust explosion discharge is better than that of N₂. The reduced pressure basic linearly with the increase of CO₂ concentration decreased. The reduced pressure began to be consistent when adding 10% concentration of CO₂ or N₂. For the 40 mm venting diameter, the value of reduced pressure when added CO₂ is slightly lower than that of N₂, from 6% to 8%. For the 60 mm venting diameter, with the increase of CO₂/N₂ concentration, the reduction of the reduced pressures are basically the same, and when the added concentration is no more than 8%, it has little influence on the amplitude reduction of the system reduced pressure. According to the TGA curve, in the heat flow conditions of N₂ atmosphere and CO₂ atmosphere, the pyrolysis process of lycopodium began to show significant differences around 370℃. The pyrolysis rate of lycopodium in CO₂atmosphere was faster than that in the N₂ atmosphere, so the presence of CO₂ in this process promoted the pyrolysis of lycopodium. With the further increase of pyrolysis temperature, the inhibition effect of CO₂ on the pyrolysis of lycopodium powder began to show gradually.

Key words: carbon dioxide, powders, explosion, inhibition effect

中图分类号:

X 937

侯玉洁, 梁琳, 江子旭, 闫兴清, 于小哲, 吕先舒, 喻健良. 惰性气体对粉尘爆炸泄放特性影响的实验研究[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(5): 2887-2895.

HOU Yujie, LIANG Lin, JIANG Zixu, YAN Xingqing, YU Xiaozhe, LYU Xianshu, YU Jianliang. Experimental study on the dust explosion venting behavior by the addition of inert gas[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(5): 2887-2895.

图/表 12

图1 石松子粉尘粒径分布

Fig.1 Diameter distribution of lycopodium dust

图2 石松子粉尘扫描电镜

Fig.2 Scanning electron microscope of lycopodium dust

表1 石松子粉元素组成

Table 1 Lycopodium element composition

元素	质量分数/%
C	69.2
H	9.2
O	19.6
N	1.1
S	0.1
杂质	0.8

图3 20 L球装置

Fig.3 20 L sphere explosion chamber

图4 不同泄放口径和薄膜层数的泄放装置静态动作压力

Fig.4 Static activation overpressures tested at different vent diameters and membrane layers

图5 泄放口径20 mm、静态动作压力0.336 MPa下添加不同浓度CO2（a）/N2（b）体系泄爆压力随时间变化规律

Fig.5 The reduced pressures change with CO2(a)/N2(b) concentration under a vent diameter of 20 mm and static activation pressure of 0.336 MPa

表2 泄放口径20 mm、Pstat=0.336 MPa泄爆超压值及峰值时间

Table 2 The reduced pressure and peak time under vent diameter of 20 mm, Pstat=0.336 MPa

气体	体积分数/%	爆炸超压/MPa	达到超压峰值时间/ms
CO₂	0	0.687	90
	5	0.546	110
	8	0.496	180
	10	0.383	210
N₂	0	0.687	90
	5	0.639	120
	8	0.583	175
	10	0.425	205

图6 泄放口径40 mm、静态动作压力0.138 MPa时添加不同浓度CO2（a）/N2（b）体系泄爆压力随时间变化规律

Fig.6 The reduced pressures Pedchange with CO2(a)/N2(b) concentration with a vent diameter of 40 mm and static activation pressure of 0.138 MPa

图7 不同泄放口径和静态动作压力条件下最大泄爆压力随CO2/N2浓度变化规律

Fig.7 The reduced pressures Pred change with CO2/N2 concentration with different vent diameters and static activation pressures

图8 20、60 mm泄放口径不同静态动作压力时泄爆压力减小比例?随CO2/N2浓度变化规律

Fig.8 20 mm and 60 mm vent diameter with different static activation pressures on reduced pressures reduction ratio ? various with CO2/N2 concentrations

图9 随温度升高CO2/N2气氛中石松子粉质量分数变化对比曲线

Fig.9 Comparison curves of the mass percentage of lycopodium powder with temperature increase under CO2/N2 atmosphere

图10 CO2/N2/空气气氛下石松子粉的TG/DTG曲线

Fig.10 TG and DTG curves of lycopodium in CO2/N2 /air atmospheres

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