基于代理模型的连续重整反应过程自优化控制结构设计

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20250102

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

首先，提出了一种全局自优化控制（gSOC）问题的代理模型构建策略。该策略针对gSOC问题的特殊性，融合了划分空间设计和子模型混合自适应采样方法，提升了构建效率。在此基础上，对gSOC算法流程进行了优化，加速了最优组合矩阵的求解，扩展了算法对复杂和大规模过程的适用性。其次，改进后的算法应用于连续重整（CCR）反应过程的控制结构设计。通过结合改进的gSOC算法与模拟和启发式集成框架，系统地分析和设计了CCR反应过程的自优化控制结构，缓解了进料性质、循环氢流量及反应器入口温度的参数不确定性扰动与故障带来的芳烃损失。最后，动态模拟实验结果表明，所设计的SOC结构表现出显著的实时优化性能。该研究为工业CCR装置的控制提供了理论指导。

关键词: 优化, 过程控制, 自优化控制, 控制结构, 连续重整, 代理模型, 动态仿真

Abstract:

A strategy for constructing a surrogate model for the global self-optimizing control (gSOC) problem was proposed. This strategy, tailored to the specific characteristics of the gSOC problem, integrates partitioned space design and a hybrid adaptive sampling method for sub-models, thereby improving construction efficiency. Based on this, the gSOC algorithm process was optimized by replacing inefficient process simulation software and accelerated the solution of the optimal combination matrix, thus extending the $a l g o r i t h m' s$ applicability to complex and large-scale processes. The improved algorithm was applied to the control structure design of a continuous catalytic reforming (CCR) unit. Using a reaction kinetic model comprising 27 lumped components, an Aspen dynamic model of the CCR process was developed. By integrating the improved gSOC algorithm with a simulation and heuristic integrated framework, the self-optimizing control structure of the CCR unit was systematically analyzed and designed, addressing key issues related to parameter uncertainty disturbances and faults, such as feedstock properties, recycle hydrogen flow rate, and reactor inlet temperatures. The results of dynamic simulation experiments show that the designed SOC structure exhibits significant real-time optimization performance. This research provides theoretical guidance for the control design of industrial CCR units.

Key words: optimization, process control, self-optimizing control, control structure, continuous catalytic reforming, surrogate model, dynamic simulation

中图分类号:

TE 624

周轶磊, 李智, 彭鑫. 基于代理模型的连续重整反应过程自优化控制结构设计[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(9): 4499-4511.

Yilei ZHOU, Zhi LI, Xin PENG. Design of self-optimizing control structure for continuous catalytic reforming reaction process based on surrogate model[J]. CIESC Journal, 2025, 76(9): 4499-4511.

图/表 15

图1 两种层次化控制结构的对比

Fig. 1 Comparison of the two hierarchical control structures

图2 CCR反应过程流程

Fig. 2 Flow diagram of the CCR reaction process

图3 催化重整27集总反应网络[29]

Fig. 3 27 lumped reaction network of catalytic reforming[29]

表1 gSOC算法流程

Table 1 The workflow of the gSOC algorithm

步骤	具体操作
1	使用Monte Carlo模拟方法对扰动空间进行采样，生成N个扰动场景 d_i，i=1,2,…,N。
2	选择一个参考点，估计该处的增益矩阵 $G r e f y$ 和Hessian矩阵 $J u u, r e f$ 。
3	对每个扰动场景求解操作优化问题，以求得最优测量值 $y o p t, i T$ ，根据式（10）构造过渡矩阵 Y 和 $Y ˜$ 。
4	根据式（12）求解最优组合矩阵 H。

表1 gSOC算法流程

Table 1 The workflow of the gSOC algorithm

步骤	具体操作
1	使用Monte Carlo模拟方法对扰动空间进行采样，生成N个扰动场景 d_i，i=1,2,…,N。
2	选择一个参考点，估计该处的增益矩阵 $G r e f y$ 和Hessian矩阵 $J u u, r e f$ 。
3	对每个扰动场景求解操作优化问题，以求得最优测量值 $y o p t, i T$ ，根据式（10）构造过渡矩阵 Y 和 $Y ˜$ 。
4	根据式（12）求解最优组合矩阵 H。

表2 基于代理模型的改进gSOC算法流程

Table 2 The workflow of the improved gSOC algorithm based on a surrogate model

步骤	具体操作
1	使用Monte Carlo模拟方法对扰动空间进行采样，生成N个扰动场景 d_i，i=1,2,…,N。
2	选择一个参考点，估计该处的增益矩阵 $G r e f y$ 和Hessian矩阵 $J u u, r e f$ 。
3	采用2.2节所述方法构建经济目标函数J( u, d )的Kriging代理模型。
4	基于代理模型，对每个扰动场景求解操作优化问题，得最优操作 $u o p t d i$ 。
5	将 $u o p t d i$ 输入流程模拟器，求得最优测量值 $y o p t, i T$ ，并根据式（10）构造过渡矩阵 Y 和 $Y ˜$ 。
6	根据式（12）求解最优组合矩阵 H。

表2 基于代理模型的改进gSOC算法流程

Table 2 The workflow of the improved gSOC algorithm based on a surrogate model

步骤	具体操作
1	使用Monte Carlo模拟方法对扰动空间进行采样，生成N个扰动场景 d_i，i=1,2,…,N。
2	选择一个参考点，估计该处的增益矩阵 $G r e f y$ 和Hessian矩阵 $J u u, r e f$ 。
3	采用2.2节所述方法构建经济目标函数J( u, d )的Kriging代理模型。
4	基于代理模型，对每个扰动场景求解操作优化问题，得最优操作 $u o p t d i$ 。
5	将 $u o p t d i$ 输入流程模拟器，求得最优测量值 $y o p t, i T$ ，并根据式（10）构造过渡矩阵 Y 和 $Y ˜$ 。
6	根据式（12）求解最优组合矩阵 H。

表3 本研究中考虑的干扰

Table 3 Disturbances considered in this study

编号	描述	范围
D1	原料芳烃潜含量	±20.00%
D2	循环氢气流量	±20.00%
D3	第4反应器入口温度	±2.00%
D4	第1反应器入口温度	±2.00%
D5	第2反应器入口温度	±2.00%
D6	第3反应器入口温度	±2.00%

图4 Monte Carlo采样的扰动场景分布

Fig. 4 The distribution of disturbance scenarios in Monte Carlo sampling

图5 CCR反应过程自优化控制结构

Fig. 5 Self-optimizing control structure of the CCR reaction process

表4 动态模拟实验描述

Table 4 Description of dynamic simulation experiments

实验	扰动	阶跃幅度	时刻
1	D1	+20.00% / -20.00%	2 h
2	D2	+20.00% / -20.00%	2 h
3	D3	+2.00% / -2.00%	2 h
4	D4	+2.00% / -2.00%	3 h
	D5	+2.00% / -2.00%	5 h
	D6	+2.00% / -2.00%	7 h
5	D1	-18.89% / 11.73%	2 h
	D2	-16.07% / 15.63%	2 h
	D3	0.88% / -1.82%	2 h

表5 不同扰动场景下两种控制结构的稳态芳烃损失

Table 5 Steady-state aromatics loss under different disturbance scenarios for two control structures

扰动场景	AL-PICS/(kg/d)	AL-SOCS/(kg/d)
+20% D1	129.00	7.68
-20% D1	206.62	4.65
+20% D2	389.39	8.74
-20% D2	379.93	1.08
+2% D3	1871.87	3.94
-2% D3	2013.55	0.28
+2%D4,5,6	6570.67	0.99
-2% D4,5,6	7557.04	1.38
d_r1	2142.68	7.96
d_r2	3407.21	1.41

图6 实验1中的动态响应

Fig. 6 The dynamic response in experiment 1

图7 实验2中的动态响应

Fig. 7 The dynamic response in experiment 2

图8 实验3中的动态响应

Fig. 8 The dynamic response in experiment 3

图9 实验4中的动态响应

Fig. 9 The dynamic response in experiment 4

图10 实验5中OD值的动态变化对比

Fig. 10 Comparison of the dynamic changes in OD values in experiment 5

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