Study on flame behaviors induced by spill fire deflagration in adjacent space of hazardous chemical containers

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20191393

Abstract

Abstract:

In this study, a model of a container explosion accident of hazardous chemicals was established, and the simulation study was made on the propagation law and temperature field distribution of the overflow fire formed by the accident in the restricted space of the adjacent container facade. According to data collected from on-site investigation, the spill flame characteristics and temperature field distributions of the three types of container openings with different sizes were analyzed in open space. A new air entrainment model where spill fire was triggered under different spacing conditions was then proposed, and the correction factor was introduced to correct the flame height. The results showed that the container opposite to the opening of the blasting container blocked the air entrainment in the vicinity, thus affecting the evolution of spill fire behaviors. With the increase of the spacing, for the smaller spacing conditions, the air entrainment mainly came from the side; the higher flame height was, the greater damage to the superimposed container and the opposite container. For the bigger spacing conditions, the larger air volume came from the front and side, while lower flame height could be observed, indicating that less damage would be imposed on the superimposed container and opposite container, with more thermal damage and destruction seen on the adjacent container.

Key words: hazardous chemical container, spill fire, adjacent space, flame behavior, thermal hazard, modified model

摘要：

建立了危险化学品集装箱燃爆事故模型，针对事故形成的溢流火在相邻集装箱外立面受限空间内传播规律及温度场分布进行模拟研究。根据实地调研数据，分别设置了三种不同开口大小的危化品集装箱，同时研究了相邻间距为0.4、0.8、1.27 m等10余种不同工况的溢流火演化规律及温度场分布。研究提出了不同间距条件下发生火溢流行为的空气卷吸模型，并对溢流火焰高度进行了修正。研究结果表明，与燃爆集装箱开口相对的集装箱体对附近空气的卷吸效应具有限制作用，从而将影响开口溢流火行为的演化与发展。当相邻集装箱体间距小于一定值时，空气主要来自侧面卷吸，外部溢流火焰高度与温度均出现显著增加，此时对相邻叠加堆放的集装箱体损坏较大；随着相邻间距的增大，来自正面与侧面共同作用下的空气卷吸量增加，受限空间内的温度逐渐升高，溢流火焰高度逐渐降低，此时的破坏作用主要体现在对相邻集装箱体的热毁损破坏行为。

关键词: 危化品集装箱, 溢流火, 相邻空间, 火行为, 热灾害, 修正模型

CLC Number:

TQ 560.1

Kan WANG, Tingting SHI, Jinhui WANG, Xue ZHANG. Study on flame behaviors induced by spill fire deflagration in adjacent space of hazardous chemical containers[J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(5): 2440-2454.

汪侃, 时婷婷, 汪金辉, 张雪. 危化品集装箱燃爆溢流火在相邻空间内的火行为特征研究[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(5): 2440-2454.

Figures/Tables 17

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of stacked hazardous chemical container and its physical model

Fig.2 Layout of numerical model and all monitoring positions in simulation process

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of numerical model of containers with different opening sizes

Table 1 Spacing of hazardous chemical container under different opening sizes/m

开口大小(宽×高)/m²	A₁	A₂	A₃	A₄	A₅	A₆	A₇	A₈	A₉	A₁₀
1.2 m×2.4 m=2.88 m²	0.4	0.8	1.27	2.0	2.33	2.5	3.0	3.5	4.0	无遮挡
开口大小(宽×高)/ m²	B₁	B₂	B₃	B₄	B₅	B₆	B₇	B₈	B₉	B₁₀
1.8 m×2.4 m=4.32 m²	0.4	0.8	1.27	2.0	2.33	2.5	3.0	3.5	4.0	无遮挡
开口大小(宽×高)/ m²	C₁	C₂	C₃	C₄	C₅	C₆	C₇	C₈	C₉	C₁₀
2.2 m×2.4 m=5.28 m²	0.4	0.8	1.27	2.0	2.33	2.5	3.0	3.5	4.0	无遮挡

Table 2 Parameters of boundary condition and initial in numerical simulation

环境温度/℃	风速m/s	风向	大气稳定度	湿度/%	环境压力/kPa	罐内压力/kPa	可燃介质	点火源类型	点火源能量/mJ
20.0	2.0	东北	D	64.0	101.325	4245.517	丙烷	静电火花	0.26

Fig.4 Comparison of the simulated results and experimental data

Fig.5 Flame contour of spill fire deflagration without adjacent hazardous chemical containers

Fig.6 Flame height contour of spill fire deflagration in hazardous chemical containers with different distances

Fig.7 Mean flame height variation of spill fire deflagration with different distancesin hazardous chemical containers

Fig.8 Open spill fire model of rectangular fire sources in hazardous chemical container deflagrated side

Fig.9 Entrainment behavior of open spill fire at difference distances in hazardous chemical container deflagrated side（D≤l2）

Fig.10 Entrainment behavior of open spill fire at difference distances in hazardous chemical container deflagrated side(D＞l2)

Fig.11 Comparison of optimization results when ω is fixed

Fig.12 Curve-fitting of ω and D

Fig.13 Comparison of fitting results of modified data

Fig.14 Velocity vector plot of open spill fire in hazardous chemical container with time

Fig.15 Flame axis temperature of open spill fire with height variation at different distances

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