Abstract: The chemical changes, the colloidal changes and the distribution of xanthate groups of the viscoses prepared from three different cellulosic materials, namely, Finnish sulfite wood pulp, prehydrolyzed sulfate bagasse pulp and prehydrolyzed soda cotton linters pulp, during the ripening process were investigated. The results indicate that different sources of cellulosic materials almost have no influence upon the rate of change of the y value (degree of xanthation) or the electrolyte value (coagulation property). The ralations between the γ value or the electrolyte value (E)and the time both fit the equation of the second-order reaction. At 20℃ the velocity constants for the three viscoses are nearly the same, i. e. Kr = 1.87×10-4 (hr)-1 and KE = 7.95×10~5 (hr)-1. The relation between the electrolyte value and the γ value of the three viscoses shows that at the same electrolyte value the viscose from the wood pulp has the highest γ value, that from the bagasse pulp the second and that from the cotton linters pulp the lowest. This relation is in connection with the distribution of xanthate groups of the viscoses. The determination of the distribution of xanthate groups according to the method of Scherer and Phillips shows that the viscose from the wood pulp has the most uniform distribution of xanthate groups, that from the bagasse pulp less uniform and that from the cotton linters pulp the least uniform. The fractionation of the diethylchloroacetamide derivative of cellulose xanthate using chlorohydrin-water system depends not only on the γ value, but also probably on the degree of polymerization.

摘要： <正>在制造粘胶人造丝过程中需要将自碱纤维素黄酸化而得的纤维素黄酸盐溶于稀碱液中成为粘胶,然后在恒温下放置若干时间以进行熟成,达到一定程度后始可纺丝。在这熟成过程中,粘胶发生一系列的化学变化和胶体化学变化。 Klauditz曾指出在粘胶熟成过程中纤维素黄酸盐分子逐步分解,其酯化度逐渐降低,他认为这是由于纤维素黄酸盐的皂化作用: