Abstract: Optimal sensor location for the state estimation of distributed parameter systems is studied.First a nonlinear state estimator is developed based on late lumping.The partial differential equations for state estimation and the differential sensitivity matrix are then solved numerically.Optimal sensor locations are obtained by minimizing a integral function over a spacial domain using a nonlinear constraint optimization method. A wall-cooled fixed-bed reactor is used as a working system,and the effects of measurement noise,model parameter errors,and unmeasurable disturbance are studied.Results show that with one or two properly placed temperature sensors,excellent state estimation of the fixed-bed reactor can be achieved.

摘要： 研究了分布参数系统状态估计中特有的最佳测量位置问题．建立了基于后集中方法的分布参数系统的非线性状态估计器，包括状态估计偏微分方程和微分灵敏度矩阵偏微分方程，并用适当的数值计算方法实现状态估计器的求解；以一个最小化的空间域上积分函数表达最佳测量位置的目标函数，并相应地用非线性约束优化方法求解系统具有一个或多个测量时的最佳测量位置．还以壁冷式单管固定床反应器为例，讨论了各种因素对最佳测量位置的影响及其灵敏度，并得出了一些有普遍意义的结论．