Abstract: The appearance，formation and development of corrosion products on archaeological iron in simulated soil media (0.06 mol•L^-1 NaCl+0.03 mol•L^-1 Na₂SO₄+0.01 mol•L^-1 NaHCO₃ aqueous solution) were investigated through metallographic technique，micro-Raman spectrometry and X-ray diffraction.The study showed that，selective corrosion of iron occurred on the cast iron in the solution in the first 34 h，with some white wreath-shaped Fe(OH)₂ depositing on the surface and dispersed Fe(OH)₂ depositing inside the wreath. After 120 h，the surface of the sample was covered with a layer of green rust(GR)，which mainly consisted of GR(Cl^-)(molecular formula:Fe^Ⅱ₃Fe^Ⅲ(OH)₈Cl•2H₂O)and GR(SO^2-₄)(molecular formula:Fe^Ⅱ₄Fe^Ⅲ₂(OH)₁₂SO₄•2H₂O)，and the outside of the green rust changed into γ-FeOOH when contacting with air. About 288 h later，the corrosion products became double layers: the inner layer was composed of crystalloid black FeO and Fe₃O₄，and the outer layer was brick red γ-FeOOH, which was devastating to the conservation of iron artifacts because of its loose structure.So such ions as Cl- and SO^2-₄ which contributed to the formation of γ-FeOOH must be removed from the corrosion products of archaeological iron in order to prolong the life of iron antiquities.

摘要： 采用金相、显微激光拉曼和X射线衍射等技术研究了仿古铸铁在模拟土壤介质(0.06 mol•L^-1 NaCl+0.03 mol•L^-1 Na₂SO₄+0.01 mol•L^-1 NaHCO₃溶液)中的腐蚀形态、腐蚀产物的形貌及其生长和发展过程.结果表明，在最初的34 h内，铸铁发生铁的选择性腐蚀，在试样表面留下许多白色圈状的Fe(OH)₂沉淀，圈内则是分散状的Fe(OH)₂;浸泡120 h时，观察到试样表面有一层深绿色的腐蚀产物，其组分主要为GR(Cl^-)（化学式为Fe^Ⅱ₃Fe^Ⅲ（OH）₈Cl•2H₂O）和GR(SO^2-₄)（化学式为Fe^Ⅱ₄Fe^Ⅲ₂（OH）₁₂SO₄•2H₂O），绿锈表面呈黄色;约288 h后，腐蚀产物呈现分层，内层主要由黑色结晶状的FeO和Fe₃O₄组成，外层主要为疏松多孔的砖红色γ-FeOOH，后者是铁器表面的一种有害锈.