Abstract: The treatment of carbon nanotubes (CNTs)，such as surface modification and local activation-modification，and the preparation methods of CNTs/PU composites，such as physical blending and in-situ polymerization，are introduced. The properties of CNTs and PU are presented，and the application of CNTs/PU composites，particularly in the aspects of improvement of mechanical propertiess，electronic materials，intelligent material，biomedicine and energy saving are reviewed. The suggestions about future study of CNTs/PU composites are also presented.

摘要： 介绍了碳纳米管的处理、碳纳米管/聚氨酯复合材料的制备方法：碳纳米管的处理方法有表面处理改性和局部活化改性2种; 碳纳米管/聚氨酯复合材料的制备方法有物理共混法和原位聚合法。结合碳纳米管和聚氨酯的特性，综述了碳纳米管/聚氨酯复合材料在力学性能的增强、电子材料、智能材料、生物医学材料和节能材料等方面的应用，并对CNTs/PU复合材料未来的研究工作提出了几点意见。