Abstract: In order to study the advances in cellulose chemistry, this article reviews：the chemical and physical structure of cellulose macromolecules, and the self-assembly structural model of cellulose; the raw materials of cellulose (bacterial cellulose, man-made synthetic cellulose, cotton, woods, grasses, leaf fibers, bast fibers and agricultural wastes), especially bacterial cellulose and its commercial applications, and the man-made synthetic cellulose; the current research hot topics of cellulose chemistry—regioselective substitution of cellulose, new cellulose solvents, pretreatments of cellulose, the development status of the cellulose derivatives and their functional materials, the progress in regenerated celluloses, and the preparation of nano-cellulose and its surface chemical modification.With suitable raw materials, the special functional fine chemical products can be prepared through the controllable physical and chemical design of natural cellulose.Cellulose chemistry is one of the important research topics of chemical engineering for sustainable development in 21st century.

摘要： 为了研究当前纤维素化学发展现状，综述了纤维素超分子结构及其成因，介绍了纤维素自组装的结构模型，讨论了纤维素的多种原材料（细菌纤维素、人工化学合成纤维素、棉花、木材、禾草植物、韧皮纤维以及农业废弃物），着重介绍了细菌纤维素的制备与商业用途以及人工化学合成纤维素，综述了目前纤维素化学研究的热门课题：选择性取代、新纤维素溶剂、纤维素的预处理、纤维素衍生物以及纤维素功能材料的发展现状、再生纤维的研究发展现状、纳米纤维素的制备与表面化学改性.选择适宜的原材料，对天然纤维素进行可控物理、化学结构设计，从而可以制备特殊功能的精细化工产品.纤维素化学是21世纪可持续发展的化学工程研究的重要课题之一.