Abstract:

Frequent change of reactants and/or reaction process is common in batch and semi-batch reactors.Detailed time- and resource- consuming studies on reaction kinetics are usually unrealistic.So it is of great importance to develop suitable methods to evaluate the thermal runaway hazards of reactions in batch and semi-batch reactors.Based on a brief summary, the comments are mainly made on the safety boundary diagram and runaway scenario method which are thought to be feasible for the evaluation of some important reactions, though no universal techniques have been founded by now.The safety boundary diagram concerns more parameters, and the secondary decomposition reactions are not considered, but the method can divide dimensionless reaction conditions into four parts: no accumulation, runaway, insufficient initiation and harmless, and provide more information of the desired reaction.The runaway scenario method ignores the difference between homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions, but analyzes the runaway of desired reaction and the secondary decomposition reaction under given process conditions, and is more comprehensive and easier to perform.

Key words:

间歇反应器, 半间歇反应器, 反应失控, 二次分解, 安全界限图, 失控情景

摘要：

针对间歇、半间歇反应器中频繁更换物系和/或反应工艺，受时间和经济条件限制往往不可能对发生在其中的反应动力学进行深入研究的特点，建立适用于它们的热失控危险评估方法具有重要意义。本文对此做了简要的综述并且认为，尽管迄今还没有普适性的方法，但是对于某些类型的重要反应，安全界限图方法和反应失控情景分析方法还是较为适用的。前者虽然涉及参数较多，且没有考虑高温下物料二次分解的可能性，但能按照反应结果将量纲1操作参数平面划分为无积累、反应失控、未充分引发及无害4个子区域，从而可以先验地获取更多的信息；后者虽然忽略了均相与非均相反应的不同，但该方法可对一定工艺条件下目标反应失控和二次分解反应进行分析评估，简单易行，考虑更全面。

关键词:

间歇反应器, 半间歇反应器, 反应失控, 二次分解, 安全界限图, 失控情景