Abstract:

Immobilized microorganism was prepared by adsorption method，by choosing thirteen kinds of natural materials（eight organic carriers and five inorganic carriers），including YJ-5，YJ-6，YJ-7，YJ-8，WJ-1，WJ-4 and WJ-5，as immobilized carrier，and crude oil from Shengli oil field as response substance. The oil degradation performance of immobilized microbial prepared by each material was tested and the materials with better performance were characterized. The results showed that YJ-5 is the best immobilized material and followed by YJ-7，and the best inorganic carrier was WJ-1. Both bacteria adsorption amount and oil degradation rate were considered to determine the optimal preparation condition of YJ-5 immobilized microorganism，which were carrier amount 10mL，inoculation content 20%，immobilized time 15 h，temperature 30 ℃ and rotate speed 160r/min. Under this condition，the seven days oil degradation rate reached 61%，which is 40% higher than that with free bacteria. The specific surface area and pore distribution（BET）indicated that there was only simple mesoporous structure in YJ-7，YJ-5 and WJ-1. Scanning electrometry microscopy（SEM）results showed that there were mainly cylindrical holes in YJ-5，it immobilized bacteria through surface adsorption，its carrier structure would get loose and bacteria shed after degradation.

摘要：

选择YJ-5、YJ-6、YJ-7、YJ-8、WJ-1、WJ-4和WJ-5等共13种天然材料（8种有机载体、5种无机载体）作为固定化载体，采用吸附法制备固定化微生物，以胜利油田原油为反应底物，考察各组材料制备的固化微生物对原油的降解性能，并对优选出的材料进行性能表征。实验结果表明：YJ-5为最佳固定化材料，YJ-7次之，无机载体中WJ-3效果最好；结合吸菌量和原油降解率确定YJ-5固定化微生物的最佳制备条件为载体量10 mL、接菌量20%、固定化时间15 h、温度30 ℃、转速160 r/min，此条件下YJ-5固定化微生物对原油7d的降解率高达61%，比游离菌提高40%左右；比表面积和孔径分布（BET）结果表明YJ-7、YJ-5和WJ-1都只有简单的介孔结构；电镜扫描（SEM）结果表明YJ-5主要为柱状孔，通过表面吸附来实现对菌的固定，降解之后的材料结构会变的疏松，菌易脱落。