Foam performance analysis of fluorine-free foam modified by low carbon alcohol and experimental study on extinguishing oil pool fire

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20220639

Abstract

Abstract:

In response to the existing fluorocarbon foam extinguishing agent key component PFOS is restricted due to international environmental conventions for environmental protection and health reasons, and the existing foam extinguishing agent still has the problem that the rapid sedimentation rate affects the fire extinguishing energy efficiency, on the basis of previous research and team’s exploration of fluorine-free foam compounding scheme, based on the theory of fire chemistry and surfactant technology, hydrocarbon/silicone surfactant (LS-99/SDS) was selected as the basic agent of the foam composite system, and the foam foaming multiple and 25% drainage time were adjusted by introducing low-carbon alcohol (ethanol, n-propanol and isobutanol) which can improve foam aggregation. The comparative experiments of foam extinguishing with and without low-carbon alcohol were conducted to investigate the energy efficiency of foam extinguishing after introducing low-carbon alcohols. The results showed that the introduction of low-carbon alcohol could significantly increased the foaming multiple and 25% drainage time of LS-99/SDS binary composite foam system. Compared with ethanol and n-propanol, when the addition of isobutanol was 0.1%, the precipitation process of alcohol-containing foam system can be effectively delayed and the precipitation rate can be reduced. Through the flame temperature measurement in the fire extinguishing process, it was found that the flame cooling rate at the height of 10 cm and 20 cm under the action of foam extinguishing agent containing alcohol system was 20.1℃·s^-1 and 11.2℃·s^-1, and the cooling increase was 39.58% and 14.29% respectively compared with the alcohol-free system, with significant cooling effect. The fire extinguishing time of the foam containing alcohol system was shortened by 3.6 s compared with that of the alcohol-free system, with a reduction of 37.5%. It can effectively delay the process of foam liquid separation, improve the bubbling times and foam stability of the foam system with the introduction of appropriate concentration of isobutanol into the fluorine-free foam system. And this can provide a new path for the optimal design of fluorine-free foam. A fire extinguishing effect evaluation method based on comprehensive indicators such as 25% drainage time, average drainage speed, the maximum cooling rate and fire-extinguishing time was established, which provided a reference base for evaluation of foam extinguishing efficiency.

Key words: fluorine-free foam containing alcohol, 25% drainage time, average drainage velocity, cooling rate of flame, fire extinguishing time

摘要：

针对现有氟碳类泡沫灭火剂关键组分PFOS因国际环境公约出于环保和健康而限用，以及现有泡沫灭火剂还存在析液速度快而影响灭火能效等问题，在前人及团队探究无氟泡沫复配方案基础上，基于火灾化学理论与表面活性剂技术，遴选碳氢/有机硅表面活性剂(LS-99/SDS)为基剂，通过引入可改善气泡聚并的低碳醇(乙醇、正丙醇和异丁醇)调控泡沫的发泡倍数和25%析液时间等性能，开展含醇泡沫和无醇泡沫的灭火对比实验，考察低碳醇引入后的泡沫灭火能效。结果表明，引入适量浓度低碳醇可显著影响LS-99/SDS复配体系的发泡倍数和25%析液时间。相比乙醇和正丙醇，当异丁醇质量分数为0.1%时，可有效延缓含醇泡沫的析液进程和降低析液速率。通过灭火过程的火焰温度测定，发现含醇泡沫作用下10 cm和20 cm高度处的火焰最大降温速率为20.1℃·s^-1和11.2℃·s^-1，相较于无醇泡沫体系降温效果显著，降温增幅分别为39.58%和14.29%。含醇泡沫灭火剂相对于无醇泡沫灭火时间缩短了3.6 s，缩短幅度为37.5%。适量浓度的异丁醇引入到无氟泡沫体系中，可有效延缓泡沫析液进程，提高泡沫体系的发泡倍数及稳泡性能，为无氟泡沫的优化设计提供了一条新路径。建立了基于25%析液时间、平均析液速度、最大降温速率和灭火时间等综合指标的灭火效果考察方法，为泡沫灭火效能的实验室评价提供了参考依据。

关键词: 含醇无氟泡沫, 25%析液时间, 平均析液速度, 降温速率, 灭火时间

CLC Number:

X 936

Hailin JIA, Bo CUI, Nan CHEN, Yongqin YANG, Qingyin WANG, Fumin ZHU. Foam performance analysis of fluorine-free foam modified by low carbon alcohol and experimental study on extinguishing oil pool fire[J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(9): 4235-4244.

贾海林, 崔博, 陈南, 杨永钦, 王庆银, 朱福敏. 低碳醇改性无氟泡沫的性能分析与扑灭油池火的实验研究[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(9): 4235-4244.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig.1 Measuring device of 25% drainage time

Fig.2 Acquisition system of flame image and temperature

Table 1 Formulation design of binary foam extinguishing agent of LS-99 /SDS

试剂名称	质量分数/%
表面活性剂SDS	0.04
表面活性剂LS-99	0.10
尿素	0.30
聚磷酸铵	0.15
乙二醇	0.30
乙二醇丁醚	0.03
黄原胶	0.03
水	99.05

Table 2 Performance parameters of foam liquid with different amount of low-carbon alcohol

质量分数/%	乙醇			正丙醇			异丁醇
质量分数/%	张力/(mN·m^-1)	高度/mm	稳泡系数	张力/(mN·m^-1)	高度/mm	稳泡系数	张力/(mN·m^-1)	高度/mm	稳泡系数
0.001	22.0	107	0.9439	22.0	108	0.9537	22.0	102	0.9706
0.01	22.1	105	0.9524	22.0	107	0.9720	22.0	109	0.9633
0.1	22.1	106	0.9623	22.1	108	0.9537	22.1	108	0.9630

Fig.3 Variation curves of foaming multiple and 25% drainage time of foam system containing alcohol

Fig.4 Curves of drainage of foam system containing alcohol

Fig.5 Average velocity and maximum velocity of drainage of foam system containing alcohol

Fig.6 Variation curves of flame temperature at different height

Fig.7 Cooling rate curve of flame temperature at different height

Fig.8 Flame image during fire extinguishing process of foam containing alcohol

Fig.9 Flame image during fire extinguishing process of alcohol-free foam

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