Abstract: In the world，natural gas liquefaction technology has developed for nearly a century，and has been applied in industry for more than half a century，which leads to many matured liquefaction processes. While in China，the technology is developing only in recent ten years. The kinds of natural gas liquefaction process and its industrial application situation are presented，and the process characteristics and facility size and application scope are analyzed to provide guidance for research and development of domestic natural gas liquefaction technology. Mixed refrigerant process (DMR and C3MR) and optimized cascade process are the main options in large-scale liquefied natural gas (LNG) facility construction，and DMR is a new type process with high efficiency and flexiblity. Throughout the world，the facilities are distributed in a wide geographical scope，the facility scale expands unceasingly，the facilities in planning and those completed in the past twenty years are mostly 3.0～6.5Mt/a per train and are constructed onshore. Moreover，along with the development of the resources exploitation technology，polar and deep ocean resources exploitation and utilization are growing sharply，which makes liquefaction technology adapted to extremely cold climate conditions and floating liquefaction become new research hot spots.

Key words: natural gas, liquefaction, refrigeration

摘要： 国外天然气液化技术发展近百年，工业化应用也达半个多世纪，已发展成熟多种液化工艺及配套技术。我国涉足天然气液化技术较晚，正处于发展阶段。本文介绍了各种天然气液化工艺及其工业化应用情况，分析其工艺特点、装置规模、适用范围，为国内天然气液化技术开发提供指导。分析表明，混合冷剂制冷工艺（DMR和C3MR）与优化级联工艺是大型天然气液化装置所采用的主流工艺，应用实例多，地域范围广，装置规模不断扩大；近20年建成和目前正在筹建中的大型液化项目，主要为岸基且单线规模为（3.0～6.5）百万吨/年LNG；DMR技术新型高效灵活。此外，随着资源开发技术的发展，极地与深海资源的开发利用不断增加，适应极寒气候条件和海上浮式的液化技术将成为新的研究热点。

关键词: 天然气, 液化, 制冷工艺