Treatment of high-strength domestic wastewater by two-stage MBfR processes

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20191340

Abstract

Abstract:

A two-stage MBfR system with anaerobic and aerobic process was established to treat domestic wastewater (including sanitary wastewater and urine wastewater) and meet the plant nutrient solution recycling requirements for controlled ecological life support system (CELSS). The effects of hydraulic retention time (HRT) and urine concentration on organic removal and nitrogen conversion efficiency were studied. When HRT ≥1 d, TOC removal ratio is not affected by HRT with removal rate above 90% and the effluent concentration below 15 mg/L. When HRT =1 d, the nitrification capability of the system was optimal, volumetric removal rate was 0.418 kg N/(m³·d). When HRT ≥2 d, the nitrogen conversion efficiency was more stable. The developed system could treat the 1 /5 concentration urine wastewater at the highest level. At this time, TOC removal ratio was 94.3%, with the effluent concentration below 20 mg/L. The nitrification efficiency of the system was 90.6%, and volumetric removal rate was 0.409 kg N/(m³·d). The developed two-stage MBfR system could effectively achieve the organic removal and nitrogen conversion of the domestic wastewater in CELSS. The research results can provide reference for the design and operation of domestic wastewater microbial treatment system in CELSS.

Key words: controlled ecological life support system, urine wastewater, sanitary wastewater, recycling

摘要：

针对受控生态生保系统（CELSS）中生活废水（含卫生废水和尿液废水）的水质特点，采用厌氧、好氧两级MBfR工艺，完成CELSS特征性生活废水的微生物转化处理，以达到循环回用作植物营养液的水质要求。本文研究了水力停留时间（HRT）、尿液强度对该工艺有机物去除及氮素转换效率的影响。试验结果表明，当HRT≥1 d时，HRT对该系统TOC的去除效率无明显影响，其去除效率大于90%，出水TOC的浓度低于15 mg/L； HRT=1 d时，好氧反应器全程硝化能力达到最高，其容积负荷为0.418 kg N/(m³·d)；而HRT≥2 d时，能获得相对更为稳定的氮素转换效率。工艺系统最高能处理1/5尿液强度的生活废水，该条件下，系统TOC的去除率达94.3%，出水TOC浓度低于20 mg/L；系统氮素的全程硝化效率为90.6%，且反应器容积负荷较高为0.409 kg N/(m³·d)。本文构建的两级MBfR工艺能较好地实现CELSS中特征性生活废水的有机物去除和氮素的有效转换，研究结果可为CELSS中生活废水微生物处理系统的设计和运行提供参考。

关键词: 受控生态生保系统, 尿液废水, 卫生废水, 循环利用

CLC Number:

TQ 028.8

You WANG, Xingyan WANG, Liangchang ZHANG, Weidang AI, Shuangsheng GUO. Treatment of high-strength domestic wastewater by two-stage MBfR processes[J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(5): 2363-2372.

王优, 汪形艳, 张良长, 艾为党, 郭双生. 两级MBfR工艺处理高强度生活废水能力研究[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(5): 2363-2372.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of anMBfR+aMBfR

Table 1 Configuration table of domestic wastewater in study

序号	项目	品牌	每次配水（20 L）用量
1	牙膏	冷酸灵井盐爽白	2 cm
2	洗发水	飘柔长效清爽去屑	2 ml
3	沐浴露	舒肤佳	2 ml
4	洗衣液	蓝月亮深层洁净护理	2 ml
5	洗面奶	曼秀雷敦控油抗痘洁面乳（男士）	2 ml
6	洗手液	蓝月亮抑菌洗手液	3 ml
7	新鲜尿液	新鲜采集	2 L
8	自来水		约18 L

Table 2 Characteristics of raw wastewater used in study

尿液强度水平	TOC /(mg/L)	TP/(mg/L)	TN /(mg/L)	NH₄⁺-N /(mg/L)	pH
1/10	629±65	45.0±5	558±35	72.5±50	6.59~7.95
1/5	721±140	72.6±5	1233±105	417±200	6.85~7.80
1/2	2462±150	130±15	2652±400	636±150	6.02~9.07

Fig.2 Changes in NH4+-N (a) and TOC (b) content in anMBfR effluent with different HRT

Fig.3 Changes in nitrogen content (a), nitrification efficiency (b) and TOC levels (c) in aMBfR effluent with different HRT

Fig.4 Changes in NH4+-N (a) and TOC (b) content in anMBfR effluent under different urine concentration

Fig.5 Changes in nitrogen content (a), nitrification efficiency (b) and TOC levels (c) in aMBfR effluent under different urine concentration

Fig.6 Changes in FA and FNA concentration in aMBfR under different HRT (a) and urine concentration (b)

Fig.7 Variation in membrane flux in anMBfR under different HRT (a) and urine concentration (b)

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