Investigation on the dynamics and vaporization characteristics of droplet impact on the heated wall surface

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20250555

Abstract

Abstract:

To investigate the dynamics and vaporization characteristics of droplet impact on a hot wall, a visualization experimental system was designed and built. The phase change characteristics of the droplet were studied, and numerical simulations were conducted for typical conditions. The investigations found that the wall temperature and droplet impact velocity are important factors affecting droplet deformation and wall heat transfer. An increase in impact velocity promotes droplet spreading, increases the contact area between the droplet and the wall, thereby enhancing heat transfer. At the same time, the thinning of the liquid film also facilitates heat transfer. An increase in wall temperature accelerates droplet vaporization, triggering the phase morphological evolution of the droplet, presenting six phase states: film evaporation, contact boiling, fragmentation and atomization, atomization bouncing, film splash, and central jet.

Key words: droplet, mass transfer, vaporization, heat transfer

摘要：

为了探究液滴撞击热壁面的动力学及汽化特性，设计与搭建了可视化实验系统，探究了液滴相态变化特性，并针对典型工况开展了数值模拟分析。研究发现壁面温度与液滴撞击速度是影响液滴形变及壁面传热的重要因素。撞击速度的增加促进液滴铺展，增加液滴与壁面的接触面积从而增强传热，同时液膜变薄也有利于热量传递；壁面温度的升高会加快液滴汽化，引发液滴相态的转变，呈现膜态蒸发、接触沸腾、破碎雾化、雾化弹跳、膜态飞溅和中心射流六种相态。

关键词: 液滴, 传质, 汽化, 传热

CLC Number:

O 359⁺.1

Tai WANG, Yitie SUN, Shengrui LI, Lu LIU, Run YAN, Teng WANG, Xinyu DONG. Investigation on the dynamics and vaporization characteristics of droplet impact on the heated wall surface[J]. CIESC Journal, 2025, 76(11): 5853-5864.

王太, 孙亦铁, 李晟瑞, 刘璐, 闫润, 王腾, 董新宇. 液滴撞击热壁面的动力学及汽化特性研究[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(11): 5853-5864.

Figures/Tables 15

Fig.1 Visualization experimental system for droplet impact on hot wall surface

Fig.2 Physical model

Fig.3 Grid independence verification and validation

Fig.4 Comparison between numerical simulation results and experimental results

Fig.5 Droplet impact on copper surface at 60℃

Fig.6 Variation of spreading coefficient for droplet impacting on copper surface at 60℃

Fig.7 Variation of droplet impacting hot wall with different temperatures at v=0.798 m/s

Table 1 Droplet parameters

d₀/mm	H/cm	v/(m/s)	We
3.15	1	0.443	8.64
	3	0.798	25.92
	5	0.997	43.20
	7	1.172	60.47
	9	1.330	77.75
	11	1.465	95.03
	13	1.596	112.31
	15	1.716	129.59

Fig. 8 Formation of bubbles when droplets hit a wall at different temperatures

Fig.9 Breakup of droplets hitting the wall at different velocities

Fig.10 Condition of the jet air mass inside the droplet

Fig.11 Phase diagram of a droplet hitting a hot wall

Fig.12 Droplet impact 333.15 K surface experiment and simulation comparison

Fig.13 Droplet impact on 433.15 K surface experiment and simulation comparison

Fig.14 Droplet impact on 453.15 K surface experiment and simulation control

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