Table 3 Relevant parameters of the spacers

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of the series control MSREDH
Table 1 Specific information of experimental reagents
Table 2 Basic parameters of Fujifilm IEMs
Table 4 Relevant parameters of experimental equipment and instruments
Fig.2 Schematic diagram of experimental process
Fig.3 Photograph of experimental system
Table 5 Variation range of experimental parameters
Fig. 4 Variations of the total net output power with the number of RED stacks under different current densities (i_d ) ( The operating conditions of experiments: i_d =20 A·m^-2, 40 A·m^-2, 60 A·m^-2, 80 A·m^-2; m_HC =4 mol·kg^-1, m_LC = 0.05 mol·kg^-1; t = 25±1°C; v = 1.0 cm·s^-1)
Table 6 Comparison of pertinent performance data for MSRED
Fig. 5 Variations of the total net output power with the number of RED stacks under different molality concentration of HC feed solution (m_HC ) ( The operating conditions of experiments: m_HC = 3 mol·kg^-1, 4 mol·kg^-1, 5 mol·kg^-1, m_LC = 0.05 mol·kg^-1; t = 25±1°C; v = 1.0 cm·s^-1; the current density i_d in Fig. 5 (a) and (b) are 80 A·m^-2 and 40 A·m^-2, respectively)
Fig. 6 Variations of the total net output power with the number of RED stacks under different molality concentration of LC feed solution (m_LC ) ( The operating conditions of experiments: m_HC = 4 mol·kg^-1, m_LC = 0.01 mol·kg^-1，0.05 mol·kg^-1，0.1 mol·kg^-1; t = 25±1°C; v = 1.0 cm·s^-1; the current density i_d in Fig. 6 (a) and (b) are 80 A·m^-2 and 40 A·m^-2, respectively )
Fig.7 Variations of the total net output power with the number of RED stacks under different flow velocity (v) ( The operating conditions of experiments: m_HC = 4 mol·kg^-1, m_LC = 0.05 mol·kg^-1; t = 25±1°C; v = 0.5 cm·s^-1, 1 cm·s^-1, 2 cm·s^-1; the current density i_d in Fig. 7(a) and (b) are 80 A·m^-2 and 40 A·m^-2, respectively)