The wettabilities of anthracite, manganese sand and quartz sand particles with a size range of 0.9—1.2 mm were compared using the Lipophilic Hydrophilic Ratio(LHR) concept which was defined on the basis of the Washburn equation, and their surface free energy components were also estimated using the Washburn equation and van OssChaudhurryGood(vCG) theory with n-hexane,α-monaphthalene, formamide and water as probe liquidsThe calculated LHR values of anthracite, manganese sand and quartz sand were 1.93, 0.75 and 0.69 respectively,showing that anthracite was lipophilic comparatively while manganese sand and quartz sand were hydrophilicFurthermore, the estimated surface free energy apolar components and polar components of anthracite, manganese sand and quartz sand were 38.8, 38.0, 37.7 mJ·m-2 and 0.73, 6.8, 8.7 mJ·m-2,showing that the wettabilities of filter medium were correlated to their surface free energy polar components; and the latter could be ascribed to the differences in surface chemical structure of different filter medium.

The equipment for surface tension measurement by the improved differential maximum bubble pressure method was built and tested.The surface tension of a binary mixture of p-xylene and acetic acid was measured over the entire concentration range from 303.15 K to 343.15 K under atmospheric pressure.The experimental values were correlated with two methods.It is useful for PTA plant design.

Experimental studies on the air-side heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics for 16 types offset strip fin heat exchanger and flat tube heat exchangers were performed with such parameters as fin space s, fin height h, fin thickness t, fin length l and flow length d.A series of tests were conducted at air side Reynolds number of 500—7500,and constant tube-side water flow rate of 2.5 m3·h-1.The air side thermal performance data were analyzed by using the effectiveness-NTU method.The heat transfer coefficients and pressure drop data for different fin space s and fin length l were reported in terms of frontal air velocity.The general correlations for j and f factors were derived by regression analysis and F significance test,and the correlations had a RMS error of ±10%.The absolute mean deviations for the j and f factor correlations were 4.2% and 5.3% respectively.

A 51×51 pore-throat network model was proposed to predict the primary drying stage of the freeze-drying process.The unique feature of the network model was the ability to track the evolution of drying front and phase distributions during drying.The drying curves of turkey meat and beef were simulated to verify the model.The characteristics of phase distributions during freeze drying of turkey meat samples frozen at different freezing rates were investigated.The computational characteristics of the model and the effects of pore size distributions on the phase distribution were analyzed and discussed.The simulation results showed that the model was capable of predicting the drying curves well during the primary drying stage.The pore-scale network model would provide insights into better understanding of drying dynamics at the pore level.It would serve as the theoretical foundation for rigorously determining the transition point from primary drying stage to secondary drying stage.

The membrane-based total heat exchanger is a novel heat recovery unit due to its simultaneous recovery of sensible heat and moisture.This study investigated the heat and moisture exchange capabilities through a PVAL/PVDF composite membrane, between the fresh air and exhaust air in a total heat exchanger.A heat and mass transfer model was set up for the counter flow exchanger.The calculated and experimental results were in agreement.The total heat transfer coefficient was in the order of 20—35 W·m-2·℃-1 and the total mass transfer coefficient was in the order of （1.5—3.5）×10-3 m·s-1 respectively.

The heat transfer behavior of nanofluids has many abnormal properties compared with conventional fluids.Based on the following four principles—micro-dimension effects, heat diffusion from Brownian motion, solid-liquid micro interface and particle clustering structure, the heat conduction mechanism in nanofluids was studied.A heat conductivity model of nanofluids based on the Hamilton-Crosser model and Bruggeman model was developed.By comparing with the tests of CuO-DW and Cu-DW nanofluids, the model exhibited a relatively good performance in predicting the heat conductivity of nanofluids.

An analytical solution of start-up flow of a Maxwell fluid flowing across an annular was obtained by the method of separation of variables.The fluid was visco-elastic and obeyed the Maxwell constitutive equation.The results showed that the start-up flow took on the characteristics of damping and periodically vibrating flow.The velocity profile across the annular-space presented different traits at different times.Reversed flow might occur when the elastic effect of the fluid was strong.The variation of velocity with time at different radii was different, with the vibration intensity at the central part of the annular space stronger than the wall part.The stronger the elasticity of the fluid, the [JP2]higher the vibration amplitude and the longer the steady time of flow.The effect of fluid elasticity on velocity profile decreased with time.The annular space could restrain the vibration of the flow.A smaller annular space could decrease the vibration amplitude and increase the vibration frequency,decreasing the average velocity at steady flow.

Heat transformer with gassolid reaction could be used to upgrade waste heatIn this paper，the transient temperature profiles within the reactor for heat transformer were studied and some basic characteristics of temperature distribution were analyzed with the variation of parameters，such as TC，pC，fg and ρbThrough analyzing the temperature distribution profile，it was concluded that with the increase of pC and ρb，and decrease of TC and fg，the temperature rise within the reactor and the heating power for waste heat fluid increased，while the temperature distribution became more nonuniform.

Periodic solid CO2 deposition and melting phenomena happen during releasing high pressure CO2 through a safety valve from CO2 refrigeration system into atmosphere, and a longer duration of the deposition and a shorter duration of melting are advantageous for the system safety. In order to understand the characteristics of CO2 melting during releasing through the safety valve and achieve a shorter duration of melting, a transient simulation model was established. The validation of the model was done by comparison of the calculation results and experimental data. Calculation with the model showed that:(1)the downstream pressure of the safety valve increased at first and then decreased after a total blockage happened;(2)the upstream vapor quality of safety valve had a small effect on the melting time, but greatly increased the maximum downstream pressure;(3)the melting process became longer and the maximum downstream pressure increased with the increase of the length of blockage;(4) the melting time increased and the maximum downstream pressure decreased with the increase of the length of blockage and the increase of the radius of the downstream tube.

Heat transfer and fluid flow performance in internally finned tube with blocked coretube was numerically investigated with the realizable k-ε turbulence model and wall function methodThe working fluid was airThe numerical method was validated by comparing the calculated results with available experimental dataIt was found that there existed an optimal value for the ratio of coretube outside diameter to outertube inside diameter, and this optimal value decreased with the increase of air flow rateThe optimal ratio was about 0.5—0.625 in the range of studied parametersMeanwhile under the condition of identical pressure, the optimal ratio was also about 0.44—0.56The conclusion is useful for the design of this kind of internally finned tubes.

Symbolic sequence analysis method was applied to analyze two-phase flow measurement fluctuating signals and some issues about selecting key parameters which were used in the algorithm were discussed. Based on the above study, we gathered eighty groups differential pressure fluctuating signals of gas/liquid two-phase flow in vertical upward pipes and extracted the time irreversebility and chi-square statistics . The study indicates when the gas superficial velocity is less than 0.02 m/s, the dynamic character of bubble flow becomes complex with the gas superficial velocity increasing. When gas superficial velocity exceeds 0.02m/s, the dynamic character becomes relatively simple from bubble flow to slug flow and the dynamic character becomes more and more complex from slug flow to churn flow with the gas superficial velocity increasing. This shows that time irreversibility and chi-square statistics can reflect the evolution character of gas/liquid flow patterns, and is a supplementary tool to understand two-phase flow pattern phenomena.

The shear viscosities of a turbulence drag-reducing cationic surfactant solution,cetyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (CTAC)/sodium salicylate (NaSal) aqueous solution were measured with ARES rheometerThe concentration and temperature of the solution ranged from 5×10-5 to 2×10-4 and 20℃ to 40℃, respectivelyThe Giesekus model was found to fit the measured shear viscosities well for different temperatures and concentrations of the surfactant solutionThe model parameter values obtained by fitting were correlated with temperature at certain solution concentrations, and the relationship between drag reduction and rheological characteristics of the surfactant solution was establishedThe elongational viscosities of CTAC/NaSal surfactant solution were also experimentally investigated with an opposing jet RFX rheometer.

Based on the two-fluid model, a transient model for the simulation of transient process in multiphase pipelines with low loads of liquids was developed. The solution of the transient model as well as the model for the stratified flow was discussed deeply. Moreover, many experiments including pigging and flow rate changing were conducted on the large multiphase flow loop. The model gave very good simulation and accurate forecasts for all kinds of important parameters, which was very satisfying, when it was used to simulate experimental system and the actual multiphase pipeline.

With regard to the force characteristics at the point of departure and lift-off, the momentum equations of bubble were simplified according to the result of force balance analysisThe criteria of bubble departure and lift-off point were proposed as wellThe predicted results were compared with the experimental results of Thorncroft, the error of bubble departure diameter and lift-off was within ±20%.In up-flow boiling, higher wall superheat or lower mean velocity led to increasing bubble departure diameterIt was generally the same in the case of down-flowBecause of opposite effect of drag force and buoyancy force on departing bubbles, there was no bubble departure of the flow at the velocity ranged from 02—03 m·s-1In up-flow boiling, the same direction of the bubble sliding on heated surface and the main flow led to reduced velocity difference between bubble and main liquid and greatly increased lift-off diameterIn down-flow boiling, the bubble lift-off diameter also increased with lower mean velocity and higher wall superheatHowever, as compared with departure diameter, the bubble lift-off diameter did not greatly increase with higher wall superheat.

A new approach to the fast X-ray computed tomography (XCT) technique was proposed for the transient measurement of multiphase flow where the local phase concentration can be simplified to have binary values such as in a gas bubbling systemLimited projection data from a few view angles around an object were measured/simulated instantaneously for binary image reconstructionAn improved genetic algorithm (GA) incorporated with the prior understanding on the essential physics of the above-mentioned systems was established to solve the ill-posed mathematical problem of the proposed CT technique, ie, an optimization problemSuch approach was expected to maintain the high spatial resolution of a CT measurement and at the same time to facilitate the high temporal resolution, with much less cost than a conventional medical CT.Numerical simulations were carried out to simulate the physical measurement of gas-liquid bubbling systems by using the established genetic algorithm based fast X-ray computed tomographic method(GA-XCT)A large amount of simulations demonstrated the feasibility and strong capability of the new method in the application of “bubbles” reconstruction using just a few angles of projection dataGA-XCT also showed much better performance than the conventional CT reconstruction algorithm when dealing with the limited data tomographyMeanwhile, the GA based image reconstruction was robust to the noise, and not dependent on the bubble shapes.

Simultaneous measurements of X-ray projection data from several angles around a static experimental model were implemented by rotating the model between an X-ray tube and a flat plate detectorThe static model simulated a two-phase system with water and air inside, forming four bubbles at the cross-sectionThe measurement system consisted of a Model 150-I Mobile X-ray Unit operated at the potential of 150 kV, a MiniX-1 X-ray flat plate detector, and a data acquisition systemBy using the measured instantaneous projection data from different angles, the cross-sectional image was reconstructed with the established genetic algorithm based fast X-ray computed tomographic method(GA-XCT)A series of real experiments clearly demonstrated the feasibility and capability of the GA-XCT in the application of “bubbles” reconstruction compared with the conventional CT reconstruction algorithm using limited projection dataMeanwhile, the GA based image reconstruction is robust to the noise.

The lumping kinetic model for catalytic disproportionation of rosin in 200# solvent naphtha on modified Pd/C was investigated in nitrogen atmosphereThe reaction products at 48315—53315 K were tracked by online analysis with capillary gas chromatographAccording to the reaction mechanism and characteristics of catalytic disproportionation of rosin，the lumped components of the complex reaction system were defined and a reaction network was proposedThe five lumping kinetic models of abietic type resin acid，pimarenoic acid type resin acid，hydrogenated abietic type resin acid，hydrogenated pimarenoic acid type resin acid and dehydroabietic acid were established based on structural group and approximate reaction kinetic theory according to the fundamental principles of lumping methodThe kinetic model parameters were estimated with the Levenberg-Marquart method by programming Matlab and SPSS statistics software，and the activation energies were 11139 kJ·mol-1，10876 kJ·mol-1，9735 kJ·mol-1 for abietic type resin acid hydrogenation and dehydrogenation and pimarenoic acid type resin [JP3]acid hydrogenation respectivelyThe final results demonstrated that the lumping model could characterize the kinetic behavior of the complex reaction and predict the concentration distribution of the multi-products at 54315 K.

Many microwave reactors widely used in laboratory are made from commercial microwave ovensIn this paper, the heating process inside the reactor was simulated in order to obtain the final temperature distribution in the solution in a beakerMaxwell’s equations and the heat transport equation (HTE) were coupled to calculate the temperature results by means of the finite element method (FEM).In the calculation, Debye’s equation and Huang’s method were used to describe the temperature and time dependence of dielectric propertiesDue to the non-uniform distribution of fields in the cavity, the heating results varied significantly with the position of the beakerThis could be more obvious for a chemical reaction because of the non-equilibrium characteristicsIt was also observed that the repeatability of experiments was poor even for a fixed position of the beaker due to the magnetron instabilityTherefore, such chemical reactors made from commercial microwave ovens can hardly ensure the repeatability of experiments.observed that the repeatability of experiments is poor even for a fixed position due to the magnetron’s instability. Therefore, such chemical reactors made from commercial microwave ovens can hardly ensure the repeatability of experiments.

The three-dimensional unsteady flow field in a cyclone separator was simulatedThe results showed that the precessing vortex core (PVC) phenomenon existed in all axial positions of the cyclone separatorThe PVC phenomenon and motion of precessional center of the core was described in detail.The amplitude and frequency of velocity fluctuation in the PVC region at different axial positions was quantitatively analysed,and the scope of influence of PVC and the nature of the velocity fluctuation were discussed.Furthermore,the strength of PVC was detemined by analyzing the motion frequency of precessional centerThe simulation results agreed with the experimental results of hot wire anemometer and particle image velocimetry (PIV ).The influence of PVC on separation efficiency and pressure drop was analysed.

Organo-montmorillonte filled polydimethysiloxane (PDMS) hybrid membrane was prepared by means of the solution method using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) pillared montmorilloniteXRD and SEM were used to characterize the hybrid membrane morphologyThe results showed that the hybrid membranes with intercalated montmorillonite silicate layers exhibited optimized mechanical strengthThe effect of filler content on the pervaporation of ethanol from aqueous solution was investigated and enhanced separation performance with a maximum separation factor over 10 was observedA possible mechanism that the organo-montmorillonte in the membrane acted as permeable reactive passageways for mass transfer was proposed.

The design of energy efficient water utilization systems becomes a recent research direction. However, even for utility targeting, the current models involve many variables and constraints and it takes much time to solve the problem. Furthermore, the resulting utility target relies on the assumption ofΔTmin=0℃, for treating both direct and indirect heat transfer in one transshipment model. This assumption may lead to ΔTmin violations in the following HEN construction. A new kind of NLP model for utility targeting underΔTmin=0℃ is presented which can reduce the number of variables greatly. Moreover, an improved design approach considering the specifiedΔTmin is generated. This approach, which treats the direct and indirect heat transfer separately, provides the information to construct the water utilization system as well as the corresponding heat exchanger network without anyΔTmin violation.

The outer relationship was projected to inner latent variables space with orthogonal components by the partial least squares（PLS）algorithm while simultaneously compressing data blocksSome advantages of using this approach as part of control system design include automatic decoupling and efficient loop pairingWhile the method could not erase the correlation of latent variables completely，PID controller would not be competent enough to handle the controlA methodology was proposed for controller design with optimization and control algorithm in the subspace defined by dynamic latent variable models，and its application to a pressurized breast box and a distiller was illustrated to show how this strategy works.

An adaptive recursive partial least squares(RPLS ) monitoring scheme is proposed to improve the time-variant tracking power of the statistical quality monitoring (SQM) systemsWhen new samples are obtained, this new method updates the monitoring model and the Q statistic control limit (Qα) on the basis of the improved RPLS algorithmsThus it could overcome the shortage of the traditional fixed SQM successfullyThe theoretical findings were fully supported by the application performed on the rubber mixing process in a large-scale tire plant in east ChinaIt was shown that the compounds quality is improved remarkably and the false alarm frequency was reduced significantly.

A method based on linear programming was proposed to design water network in batch chemical processes with a single contaminantThe aim was to determine the optimal water use structure for fresh water minimization in each operation cycleEach operation in batch processes was assumed to connect with a tankThese operations are arranged in the order of outlet concentration from low to highThis method avoided the re-use-of high concentration water in the operation with low concentration waterThen a superstructure was developed which entailed all the re-use possibilitiesBy solving the linear programming model corresponding to the superstructure with general algebraic modeling system(GAMS), the minimal fresh water was identifiedFurthermore, it was proved that the final minimal fresh water reached a fixed value with repeating operation cyclesThe proposed method could be applied to the optimization of batch water network with or without a storage tankThe results of the case study show that the method is feasible and simpler than other methods.

Industrial end-product qualities, eg, the composition fraction and molecular weight etc, are usually measured by using corresponding analyzers with considerable delay.The analyzer system, moreover, is expensive, unreliable and difficult to maintainAn adaptive Kernel leaning (AKL) network was proposed to build the soft sensor model for industrial analyzer and meanwhile to monitor its potential faults.The network utilized Kernel function and geometric angle to build an adaptive network topologyTwo forms of learning strategies for the AKL network were obtained and their corresponding recursive algorithms are developed, respectivelyNumerical simulations for analyzer of the Tennessee Eastman (TE) process showed that the soft composition analyzer developed by using the proposed AKL networks could achieve satisfying estimation precision under both normal and fault-existing operating conditions.

Based on the moving mesh scheme and the mixed finite element methods of EVSS/SU(elastic-viscous split stress/streamline upwind),a numerical simulation system of viscoelastic interfacial instability of polymer multiphase processing was establishedThe results of simulation showed a good agreement with the experimental data and theoretical calculation reported in literatureBy means of simulation, the effects of flow rate, viscosity and relaxation time of molten polymer on interfacial instability were investigated.It was found that the jumps in the first normal stress difference across the interface were the radical causes of interfacial instabilityThen the mechanism of interfacial instability was revealed, and several useful guiding principles for engineering practice were proposed.

The polished surfaces of granite would become slipper in contact with waterThe reaction between a colorless, odorless, water-soluble composite organic-silicon compound and the polished surface of granite would improve the anti-skid property and increase friction without changing the polished surface of graniteBecause of its low surface tension and surface energy, various waterproof agents can be made from the composite organic-silicon compoundComposite organic-silicon waterproof agents can form a waterproof film by reacting with the granite surfaceWith the change of granite surface property such as wetting, counter freezing, electrical property and micro-appearance, the friction force of granite surface also changed.

A novel titanium-supported nanoporous network platinum electrode（nanoPt）with a enormous surface area was successfully fabricated with successive hydrothermal electrolytic processesIt was shown from cyclic voltammograms in alkaline solutions that current densities during the oxidation of formic acid on the nanoPt were much higher than those on a polycrystalline platinum（Pt），and that the oxidation peak current density on the nanoPt was almost 100 times higher than on PtIt was observed from chrono potentiometric measurements that steady-state current densities on the nanoPt were also much higher than on PtOscillatory behavior was observed both on Pt and on the nanoPt electrodes，but the linear galvanic voltammograms showed that oscillation arose in a much wider range of current densities on the nanoPt than on PtThis novel nanoporous platinum electrode could be used repeatedly and its electrocatalytic activity was stable significantlyIt would be a promising anodic material used in fuel cells.

To compare the compression and consolidation behavior of some kinds of β-carotene powders with different compositions and different particle-forming technologies, their physical characteristics and the microstructure variation during the compression process were analyzedHeckel and Kawatika plots were constructed to reflect the powders compaction behavior, the consolidation mechanism of different powders were analyzed on the basis of these compaction parametersRegarding the β-carotene retention rate changes during the stability experiment, it was found that microcapsules with gelatin as wall material and formed with the starch-catch beadlet technology showed mainly plastic deformation instead of fragmentation and the core material β-carotene would be relatively stable, and these powders were suitable for tabletting..

During micro injection into cells, the usual manipulation is that a holding needle finds and holds the cells into which will be injected,in the nutrient medium.But there are some shortcomings in this method, just as confusion about whether injection is made or not, poor injection efficiency and othersThis paper presents cell pointing feeding by a digital valveless micro-pump, which can improve the success rate of the micro injectionThis micro-pump draws the nurture fluid enwrapping cells into the inlet by capillary force, then ejects them based on the digital micro fluidic technologyThere exists a pressure gap between inlet and outlet,and the inlet forms the lock.Thus, cells in this micro-pump flows in one direction The pumped cells would be injected into one by one efficiently.

Equilibrium denaturation of lysozyme by guanidinium chloride in the presence of betaine was investigated by tryptophan fluorescenceBetaine was used as a folding aid to enhance the renaturation of denatured-reduced lysozyme, the refolding kinetic behavior was studied at a low guanidinium chloride concentration by a competitive model of first-order folding reaction and third-order aggregationIt was found that betaine could shift in the transition midpoint in the guanidinium chloride induced equilibrium unfolding experiments, indicating that betaine could improve the thermodynamic stability of lysozymeIn the presence of betaine, the aggregation rate was decreased and the refolding rate was increased, the refolding yield could be increased.

In this bench-scale test, a membrane bioreactor (MBR) was investigated for the removal of trace 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) from surface water with slight pollution.Sixty four days of continuous test proved that when the concentration of 2,4-DCP in the raw water fluctuated between 2—200 μg·L-1, averaged removal efficiency reached 936%And the averaged 2,4-DCP concentration in the treated water was 428 μg·L-1, which could meet the Sanitary Standard for Drinking Water Quality issued by the Ministry of HealthAt the same time, intermittent tests were carried out to study the 2,4-DCP removal mechanisms in MBRIt was concluded that biological degradation played a major role in 2,4-DCP removal by MBR It was found that biodegradation of 2,4-DCP followed zero-order kinetics with a rate constant of 106 μg·L-1·min-1Besides, it was confirmed that secondary substrate utilization was the mechanism that allowed effective biodegradation of 2,4-DCP by MBR, however dosing glucose into the raw water could not improve the biodegradation.

The application of cyclohexyl benzene（CHB）as the overcharge protection additive in lithium ion batteries was analyzedThrough 1C overcharge testing,battery performance testing, electrochemical impedance testing，electrolyte conductivity and self-discharge testing,the use of cyclohexyl benzene as the overcharge protection additive and the effect of cyclohexyl benzene on battery performance were investigatedThe possible mechanism of cyclohexyl benzene as the overcharge protection addtive was discussed.When the content of cyclohexyl benzene was more than 5%(mass),the battery could be protected from explosion.When the content of the cyclohexyl benzene exceeded 7%(mass),a detrimental effect on battery performance was foundCyclohexyl benzene could also decrease electrolyte conductivity,leading to increased self-dischargeThe proper content of cyclohexyl benzene was between 5%(mass) and 7%(mass).

High-melt-strength polypropylene with long chain branching structure(LCB-HMSPP) was prepared by 60Co-γ ray irradiation in the presence of bi-functional monomerGttfert Rheotens extensional rheometer was used to characterize extensional rheological behavior of this LCB-HMSPPThe effects of sensitizer content, radiation dose, adding a small amount of high molecular weight component, as well as temperature were investigatedIt was indicated that melt strength, extensional stress and transient extensional viscosity were prominently enhanced after 60Co-γ ray irradiation. In addition, these extensional parameters increased with increasing sensitizer contentMelt strength, extensional viscosity reached a maximum when radiation dose approximately equaled to 5kGyAdding a small amount of ultra high molecular weight polyethylene(UHMWPE) could also play an important part in enhancing the extensional rheological behavior of PPThe activation energy of melt strength decreased with increasing sensitizer content and by adding a small amount of UHMWPELCB-HMSPP showed less temperature sensitivity than linear PP, and exhibited high melt strength, high extensional viscosity in a broad range of temperature.

Based on the viscoelastic theory of solidified polymer，a new four-element mechanical model in series was proposed and its non-linear constitutive equation was derived to calculate internal stress of injection molded articles.The equation illustrates,the instantaneous viscoelastic behavior of polymer and its effect on internal stress state of the product in the cooling processThe equations for calculating elastic modulus and viscosity of polymers were givenThe internal stress of an injection molded polystyrene plate was simulated by means of the new modelThe results are in good agreement with published researching conclusions about the structure and mechanical properties of polymers, which show that the model is accurate and feasible.

The aqueous polyurethane modified by epoxide resin(WPUE) was prepared with trimethylolpropane(TMP) as cross linker, then epoxide-acrylate-polyurethane(WPUEA) hybrid dispersions were synthesized by free-radical emulsion polymerization which were carried out by using azodiisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator and methyl methacrylate (MMA) as monomerThe WPUEA hybrid dispersions were characterized with FT-IR, gel permeation chromatography (GPC), Malvern particle size analyzer and TEMThe influences of the total mole ratio of NCO/OH, the type and amount of epoxide resin, the amounts of TMP and MMA on the properties of the hybrid dispersions and the coating films were studiedThe experimental results showed the WPUEA hybrid emulsions had better properties at total mole ratio of-NCO/OH 12—15, TMP 4%—8％, E20 4％—6％, MMA 10%—30%At the same time, the coating films of WPUEA showed such better properties as:hardness 073,gloss 85, surface drying time 30 min, freezing and thawing cycle above 5The water resistance and solvent resistance of the films of WPUEA were improvedThe modified WPUEA hybrid emulsions could substitute for solvent polyurethane.

The preparation of silica aerogelat ambient pressure from waterglass is a promising methodThe gelation process of H2SO4-waterglass system was investigated，and was used to prepare SiO2 aerogel powdersThe results indicate that the pH value had a strong impact on the gelation time of H2SO4-waterglass systemFor the system with constant reactant concentrations，the relationship between gelation time and pH value showed a “W” shape curve，which changed gradually to “U” shape when the reactant concentration decreased continuouslyThe pH value of the sol system with the shortest gelation time decreased in basic condition（pH≥7）and increased in acidic condition（pH＜7）with decreasing reactant concentrationsThe two different gelation mechanisms of H2SO4-waterglass system in acidic and basic conditions should be responsible for this variationAddition of formamide did not change obviously the gelation characteristic of H2SO4-waterglass system，but improved remarkably the physical properties of resultant silica aerogel.

Fibers of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) were fabricated by means of electrospinningThe morphology of the PAN fibers was investigated with Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM).The effects of electrospinning technology parameters on the diameter and morphology of the PAN fibers were discussed in detailIt was found that the diameter of the fiber increased with increasing solution concentration and with decreasing electrospinning voltage, but the distance from tip to target and solvent type had little effect on fiber diameterThe fibers that had the best morphology were calcined at 240℃ in air and then calcined in nitrogen at a higher temperatureThe changes of diameter and morphology of the fiber were also observed by means of FESEMThe chemical structure of the fibers was analyzed by IR, and it was confirmed that the fibers calcined at 900℃ were carbon nanofiber.

Ultra-fine aluminum silicate is synthesized from aluminum sulfate and sodium silicate generallyIt consumes aluminum containing chemicals with a high costTherefore, a new method that used aluminum bearing waste liquid as raw material was developed. The new method consisted of reaction, polymerization, surface modification, aging,and washing.Besides, the properties of the product were studied with compositional analysis, infrared spectroscopy, SEM, XRD.The results showed that the diameter of primary particles of the product was about 10～40 nm, and the mean diameter was 100nm for the secondary particlesA kind of 3-D network with Si—O and Al—O bonds built up its amorphous non-crystalline structureThe product was up to the current enterprise standard of ChinaIts chemical formula was Na2O · Al2O3 ·mSiO2·nH2O（m=9—11, n=4—6）.

By using dicyclopentadiene reacting with maleic acid, dicyclopentadiene maleate (DHCM) was synthesized and its structure was characterized with IR and NMR spectrumThe co-polymerization of vinyl acetate and DHCM was studied at 70℃The structure and particle morphology of the co-polymer were characterized with IR and TEMThe effects of DHCM content on the monomer conversion and average particle size were investigatedThe results showed that when DHCM content was 2%(mass), the synthesized latex was of high conversion efficiency, small particle size and good stability.

Hexaphenyl cyclotrisilazane was synthesized from diphenyl dichlorosilane and ammonia with toluene as solventThe effects of input material concentration, reaction temperature, ammonia flow rate and separation method on product yield were investigatedThe structure of hexaphenyl cyclotrisilazane was characterized with FTIR and XRDIt was found that when diphenyl dichlorosilane concentration was 096 mol·L-1, reaction temperature was 111—112℃,NH3 flow rate was 002 m3·h-1, the yield of hexaphenyl cyclotrisilazane could reach 911%Using ammonia water was better than hot filtration to weed out ammonium chloride at the period of product separationIt enhanced separation efficiency and simplified the processAt the same time it also decreased pollution to the environment by reducing volatile matter of toluene.

A new production technology of high-quality trimellitic anhydride with the liquid-phase air-oxidation from [BF]1,2,4-[BFQ]trimethylbenzene was developedA dehydration column evaporator was used in the process for guaranteeing an optimized experimental condition for 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene oxidationA high quality crystalline trimellitic anhydride with more than 99% purity was obtained by the use of a new electromagnetic frequency inductively coupled bidirectional heater and a nano-filter in the process, resulting in the reduction of side reactions and elimination of insoluble impuritiesThe merits of low unit consumption, high quality product and less environmental pollution demonstrate its potential application to non-hazardous and environmental friendly production.