The reaction kinetics on the direct hydrolysis of methyl fomate into formic acid at temperatures of 8℃～120℃ has been investigated experimentally and compared with literature data.The reaction rate equation can be expressed as follows in which k＝24556_(exp)-6268／T）and the equilibrium constant K may be calculated by an empirical formula published in literature.

Some variations of the process for direct hydrolysis of methyl formate into formic claimed in the literatures have been discussed and an improved process has been proposed.Based on the studies for reaction kinetics in part(1)of this paper,the effect of methyl formate water molar ratio β on space-time yield and energy consumption of the improved process has been studied by mathematical simulation.The results indicate that the reaction process is more favorable at β=1:3～l:2.

Process performance regions must be recognized in order to rea1ize regional optimizing control strategy.A new method of process performance region recognition based on principal component analysis has been proposed in this paper.Simulation research has been carried out using as an example the distillation process,which is common in industrial production processes.The simulation results have verified its effectiveness，

Ethyl tert-butyl ether can be produced by ethonol and isobutene catalyzed by acidic ion exchange resins.A macrokinetic model for ETBE formation was developed.Owing to the nonidealities of reaction system,the microkinetics was expressed by a generalized Langmuir-Hinshelwood rate equation in terms of the liquid activities of the reactants,and the mass transfer inside the catalyst was described by means of the generalized Maxwell-Stefen equations using chemical potential gradients of the components as the driving force for the diffusional processes.The validation of the model showed excellent agreement with experimental data from the literature.

A new angular quadrature set is proposed for the discrete ordinates method for radiative heat transfer.The numerical test comparison of the new approach with the series of traditional quadrature set, and T_N quadrature set appeared in literature recently indicates that,the accuracy of successive spherical ring arithmetical progression dividing method is much higher than that of traditional series quadrature set,and is at the same order with that of T_N quadrature set.

A mechanistic model is presented to describe the enhancement of convective heat transfer due to particle impact in gas-solid two-phase flow.In order to analyze the heat transfer enhancement mechanism,the boundary layer charcteristics and the heat conduction between particle and heated surface during particle impactive process are both taken into account in this model.Effects of gas velocity,particle concentration and particle size on particle residence characteristic,boundary layer characteristics and h_(c2)/h_(conp) are investigated by means of model calculation.In addition,the enhancement of heat transfer in gas-solid flow predicted by this model have been compared with experimental results and a good agreement is observed.Finally,a correlation equation for heat transfer enhancement of gas-solid cross flow in a tube is presented.

The organic phase samples loaded with acetic acid were studied by FT-IR spectroscopy. Tri-n-octylamine(TOA）was used as a complexing agent.The fraction of ion-pair extents and hydrogenbonded extents in the systems were determined quantitatively.The effect of concentration of complexing agent,acid and diluents on this fraction was determined.The results showed that the higher the fraction of ionpair extents,the higher the phase equilibriun distribution ratio would be.

In this work,the organic phase samples loaded with carboxylic acid were studied by FT-IR spectroscopy.Thi-n-octylamine(TOA)was used as a complexing agent.The carboxylic acids used are formic acid,butyric acid,hexanoic acid and chloroacetic acid.The fraction of ion──pair extent and hydrogen──bonded extent in the systems were determined quantitatively.The effects of pK_a and hydrophobicity of carboxylic acids on the fraction were determined.The lower the pK_a of carboxylic acid and the higher its hydrophbicity,the higher the fraction of ion-pair extent would be.

The equipment and its operating characteristics of purifying waste gas containing low concentration toluene by using biological method were investigated.The results showed that the purification performance of a packing column with biofilm-material packing was better than that with sieve-plate column and bubble column.When the biofilm-packing column was operated countercurrently under the conditions of liquid/gas ratio of 0.03～0.1 and gas velocity（30～60）m·h~-1，more than 90％ of toluene in the waste gas could be removed.It was confirmed in the experiments that the biofilm-packing column also could remove toluenes homologues from the waste gas.It was found that the biofilm-packing column showed good capability for removing toluene and other organic compounds from waste gases,exhausted by some industrial processes,such as regeneration of rubber,printing process,treatment of casting and paint production.

The relationship between the structural properties of sulfide catalysts and their reactivity of methanol synthesis from syngas has been studied.The effects of K promoter and support composition on the reduction property of catalyst have been investigated experimentally.An expression for the distribution function of reduction activation energy has been derived and used for the quantitative characterization of reduction properties of the sulfide catalyst.The result shows that there exists a good correlation between the parameters associated with reduction activation energy distribution function of catalyst and its reaction performance.

The theroy of fractal geometry in mathematics has been introduced to describe the catalyst morphology.Catalyst surface fractal dimension was measured by Box dimension model.It was found that the catalyst surface can not be described by a single fractal dimension,but some kind of distribution existed.It obeys the nomoal distribution regularity.The distribution function can be used to characterize the non-uniformity on the catalyst surface.Promoters and supports can affect the fractal dimension significantly.The space time yield for methanol correlated well with the fractal dimension of catalyst.When the dimension exceeds a certain specfied value,the methanol STY can increase quickly.

In this paper,with reference to operating conditions of dihydrate Wet-process Phosphoric Acid(WPA)process used conventionally,the effects of the average rock particle size,sulfuric acid concentration and reaction temperature on the dissolution kinetics of Jinhe phosphate rock in a mixture of sulfuric and phosphoric acids were studied in detail experimentally,and consequently a series of dissolution kinetics curves were obtained.The Drozdov equation which takes into account the self-impeding effect is selected for simulating the dissolutin kinetics.With the aid of the Gioias modified mathematical model for the simulation of phosphate rock acidulation,an effective diffusion coefficient for coating on rock particles is calculated.

An experimental apparatus for measuring vapor-liquid equilibrium was reported.The vapor-liquid equilibrium data of ethyl nitrite-ethanol-water ternary system at 15.0℃～30.0℃ were measured under a lower pressure.The VLE data were correlated by NRTL equation.The calculated and experimental results were in good agreement.

The vapor-liquid equilbria(VLE) data for a water-DMF binary system at 101.33 kPa、13.33 kPa and a Water-DMF-formic acid ternary system were measured by using an improved Roseequilibria cell. UNIQUAC,NRTL and Willson equation were used to correlate the water-DMF VLEdata.VLE data for water-DMF-formic acid system has been estimated by using Wilson equation.Theevaluation results all agreed well with experimental data.

A method for recovering PHB(poly- -hydroxybutryate)from recombinant E.coli by using surfactant SDS(sodium-dodecyl sulphate) was studied.The factors,including reaction time, temperature,concentration of SDS and pH were optimized.The results showed that temperature had no effect on the purity of PHB,while SDS treated biomass for more than 10 minutes at a higher pH or concentration of SDS could result in higher PHB with lower molecular weight.At 20℃ and pH12,when 3g·L~(-1) SDS was used to treat 30g·L~(-1) cells for l0 minutes,83.05% proteins in the cells could be removed,whereas the purity of PHB was increased from 71.86% to 95.18% and the molecular weight of PHB was 983000(the initial molecular weight was 1180000).

The influence of two different surfactants on gas-liquid mass transfer were studied by using the real-time micro-holographic interference technique.Through direct observation of interfacial turbulence and the measurement of concentration near the interface,mechanism on the influence of surfactant on gas-liquid mass transfer was discussed.

The flow behavior of the bubble in gas/solid fluidized bed is studied in multi-scales.A hypotheses of taking dispersed bubble as the continuous medium and the hydromechanics expression based on volume flux are proposed.The mathematical model of radial porosity distribution in the dense zone is developed.The radial distribution of the porosity is parabolic in nature according to the theoretical calculation and the calculated data is consistent with experimental data satisfactorily.

This paper reports the experimental investigations on the void fraction of gas-liquid slug flow in an inclined tube using the optical probe and the High Speed Motion Analyzer.A great deal of experimental data are obtained.

The VLE data for binary systems of N-methylpiperazine-piperazine and water-N- methylpiperazine were measured at pressure of 0.1013 MPa by using an improved Rose still.The experimental data of the systems were tested for thermodynamic consistency and correlated satisfactorily with Wilson equation.The critical properties,pc,Tc,V_c,and acentric factors,ω,of both N-methylpiperazine and piperazine have been estimated by group contribution method.The UNIFAC model was successfully used to correlate and predict VLE data of N-methylpiperazine-piperazine system．

Based on the analysis of wavelet transform and PLS,a new type of neural network:wavelet function based neural network with nonlinear PLS has been proposed and applied to dynamic process monitoring.According to the complicated properties of the noise in the real process,a filter algorithm using orthonomal discrete wavelet transform has been proposed.The theoretical analysis and application results have shown that the algorithms are feasible and effective.

The kinetic behavior of methane hydrate formation in pure water was investigated.12 sets of experimental data on methane hydrate formation were determined at temperatures ranging from 273.65 to 276.15K and pressures ranging from 4.47 to 8.47MPa.The duration of three stages in methane hydrate formation,known as the dissolution,nucleation and growth periods,that are lacking in open literature,was obtained.The effect of pressure and temperature on the kinetics of methane hydrate formation was also studied.